Difference between revisions of "Terminalia"

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|familia=Combretaceae
 
|genus=Terminalia
 
|genus=Terminalia
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|lifespan=perennial
 
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
 
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Terminalia_australis.jpg
 
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|image_caption=Terminalia australis
 
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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'''''Terminalia''''' is a [[genus]] of large trees of the [[flowering plant]] family, [[Combretaceae]], comprising around 100 [[species]] distributed in [[Tropics|tropical region]]s of the world. This genus gets it name from [[Latin]] ''terminus'', referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.
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Trees of this genus are known especially as a source of secondary [[metabolite]]s, e.g. cyclic [[triterpene]]s and their derivatives, [[flavonoid]]s, [[tannin]]s, and other [[aromatic]]s. Some of these substances have [[antifungal]], [[antibacterial]], [[anti-cancer]] and [[hepatoprotective]] indications.
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Terminalia (alluding to the leaves being borne upon the terminus of the shoot). Combretaceae. Only one species, T. Catappa, the Indian almond or tropical almond, is well known in American horticulture, but several others are important in the Orient, principally for their fruits, known as myrobalans, which are used in dyeing, tanning, and in medicine.
 
Terminalia (alluding to the leaves being borne upon the terminus of the shoot). Combretaceae. Only one species, T. Catappa, the Indian almond or tropical almond, is well known in American horticulture, but several others are important in the Orient, principally for their fruits, known as myrobalans, which are used in dyeing, tanning, and in medicine.
  
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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[[File:Flowers with Sykes's warbler I IMG 1880.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'' flowers]]
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[[File:Terminalia bellerica W IMG 9222.jpg|thumb|''Terminalia bellerica'' trunk]]
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[[File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0494.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' flowers with a Hoverfly- a close up]]
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[[File:Harra (Terminalia chebula) hanging fruit at 23 Mile, Duars, WB W IMG 5902.jpg|thumb|''[[Terminalia chebula]]'' fruit]]
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;Selected species
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*''[[Terminalia acuminata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia alata]]'' (''T. elliptica'', ''T. tomentosa'') – Indian Laurel
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*''[[Terminalia altissima]]'' (''T. superba'') – White afara
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*''[[Terminalia amazonia]]'' (''T. hayesii'', ''Chuncoa amazonia'') – White Olive
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*''[[Terminalia angustifolia]]'' (''T. bentzoë'', ''T. bentzoin'', ''T. mauritiana'')
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*''[[Terminalia arborea]]'' (''T. citrina'')
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*''[[Terminalia arbuscula]]''
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*''[[Terminalia archipelagi]]''
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*''[[Terminalia arostrata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'' (''Pentaptera arjuna'', ''Pentaptera glabra'') – Arjuna, Koha, White Marudah
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*''[[Terminalia australis]]'' – [[Palo amarillo]], Tanimbú
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*''[[Terminalia avicennioides]]''
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*''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'' (''Myrobalanus bellirica'') – [[beleric]]
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*''[[Terminalia bialata]]'' – Indian Silver Greywood, Silver Greywood
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*''[[Terminalia brachystemma]]''
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*''[[Terminalia brassii]]''
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*''[[Terminalia bucidoides]]''
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*''[[Terminalia buceras]]'' (''Bucida buceras'') – Black olive
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*''[[Terminalia bursarina]]'' - Bendee
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*''[[Terminalia calamansanai]]''
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*''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' – Indian almond, Tropical almond, Umbrella tree
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*''[[Terminalia chebula]]'' (''T. reticulata'') – Black Myrobalan, Chebulic Myrobalan, Inknut
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*''[[Terminalia cherrieri]]''
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*''[[Terminalia ciliata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia citrina]]''
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*''[[Terminalia copelandii]]'' (''T. procera'')
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*''[[Terminalia corticosa]]'' (''T. mucronata'')
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*''[[Terminalia eddowesii]]''
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*''[[Terminalia edulis]]'' (''T. microcarpa'')
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*''[[Terminalia elliptica]]'' - Indian-laurel (''T. alata, T. tomentosa'')
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*''[[Terminalia eriostachya]]''
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*''[[Terminalia erythrophylla]]'' (''T. erythrophyllum'')
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*''[[Terminalia ferdinandiana]]'' — [[Kakadu plum]]
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*''[[Terminalia foetidissima]]'' (''T. ovocarpa'')
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*''[[Terminalia franchetii]]'' (''T. triptera'')
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*''[[Terminalia glabrescens]]''
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*''[[Terminalia glaucifolia]]''
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*''[[Terminalia hararensis]]''
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*''[[Terminalia hecistocarpa]]''
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*''[[Terminalia intermedia]]''
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*''[[Terminalia ivorensis]]'' – Idigbo, Black Afara, Blackbark, Brimstone Wood, Shingle Wood
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*''[[Terminalia januariensis]]''
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*''[[Terminalia kaernbachii]]'' (''T. okari'') – okari nut
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*''[[Terminalia kangeanensis]]''
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*''[[Terminalia kuhlmannii]]''
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*''[[Terminalia latifolia]]''
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*''[[Terminalia mantaly]]'' - Madagascar almond
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*''[[Terminalia molinetii]]'' (''Bucida molinetii'')
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*''[[Terminalia muelleri]]''
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*''[[Terminalia myriocarpa]]''
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*''[[Terminalia nitens]]''
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*''[[Terminalia novocaledonica]]''
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*''[[Terminalia oblongata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia obovata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia oliveri]]''
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*''[[Terminalia paniculata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia parviflora]]''
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*''[[Terminalia pellucida]]''
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*''[[Terminalia phanerophlebia]]''
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*''[[Terminalia phellocarpa]]''
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*''[[Terminalia prunioides]]'' - Purple pod terminalia
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*''[[Terminalia reitzii]]''
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*''[[Terminalia rerei]]''
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*''[[Terminalia schimperiana]]''
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*''[[Terminalia sericea]]'' - Silver terminalia
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*''[[Terminalia seriocarpa]]'' - Damson
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*''[[Terminalia subspathulata]]''
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*''[[Terminalia superba]]'' – Limba
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*''[[Terminalia tripteroides]]''
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*''[[Terminalia volucris]]'' - Rosewood
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery perrow="5">
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File:Semi-looper from Noctuidae family on Terminalia bellerica W IMG_9218.jpg|''[[Terminalia bellerica]]'' leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from ''[[Noctuidae]]'' family
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<gallery>
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File:Terminalia bellerica W IMG_9219.jpg|''[[Terminalia bellerica]]'' leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from ''[[Noctuidae]]'' family
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:A Hoverfly on a Desi Badam (Terminalia catappa) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0495.jpg|''[[Terminalia catappa]]'' flowers with a Hoverfly
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Terminalia muelleri trunk in Talakona, AP W IMG 8294.jpg|''[[Terminalia muelleri]]''  in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Image:Terminalia muelleri leaves in Talakona, AP W IMG 8296.jpg|''[[Terminalia muelleri]]''  in [[Talakona]] forest, in [[Chittoor District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].
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Image:Terminalia porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers.jpg |‎ ''T. porphyrocarpa'' foliage and flowers
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Image:Terminalia foliage.jpg ‎ |''T. porphyrocarpa'' foliage and flowers
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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Latest revision as of 21:40, 20 April 2010


Terminalia australis


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Combretaceae >

Terminalia >

L. >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family, Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. This genus gets it name from Latin terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

Trees of this genus are known especially as a source of secondary metabolites, e.g. cyclic triterpenes and their derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, and other aromatics. Some of these substances have antifungal, antibacterial, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective indications.


Read about Terminalia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Terminalia (alluding to the leaves being borne upon the terminus of the shoot). Combretaceae. Only one species, T. Catappa, the Indian almond or tropical almond, is well known in American horticulture, but several others are important in the Orient, principally for their fruits, known as myrobalans, which are used in dyeing, tanning, and in medicine.

Leaves alternate, or rarely opposite, often crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, usually petiolate and entire: fls. sessile or nearly so, small, hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, usually in elongated spikes but sometimes in heads; calyx-tube ovoid or cylindrical, constricted above the ovary, the limb urn-shaped or campanulate, 5-toothed, usually deciduous; petals none; stamens 10, in 2 series, the 5 inferior opposite the calyx-teeth, the 5 superior longer, alternating with the teeth; filaments exserted, subulate or filiform; anthers small, the lobes scarcely connected; ovary unilocular, style subulate, often villous at base, stigma simple; ovules 2, rarely 3: fr. a drupe, ovoid, angular, compressed or 2-5-winged, 1-seeded, the cotyledons convolute.—A genus of about 100 species distributed throughout the tropics, principally in S. Asia, with only a few in Amer.

T. Arjuna, Bedd., a large tree indigenous to Cent. and S. India, and cult. in other parts of the country, has recently been intro. to the U. S. and is doing finely in S. Fla. The bark is sometimes used in dyeing and tanning, according to Watt, and also in native medicine. —T. australis, Cambess., Brazil and Argentina, has been intro. in S. Calif.: described as a medium-sized and very rapid-growing tree of symmetrical shape, suitable for street planting: lvs. small for the genus, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, shining above: fls. in roundish congested long-peduncled heads: drupe glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, beaked, with plicate margin.—T. Bellerica, Roxbg., the beleric myrobalan, a large tree found throughout the forests of India, Burma, and other parts of S. Asia, yields a fr. which is exported from India for use in tanning. The kernels are eaten in India, but are said by Watt to cause intoxication if taken in excess. —T. Benzoe, Pers., properly T. angustifolia, Jacq., has recently been intro. to S. Fla., and promises to succeed. It is a handsome tree with narrow lvs., indigenous to Malaya.—Under the name of T. edulis, Blanco, a plant has recently been intro. to the U. S. from the Philippines which is probably T. Bellerica. It is doing well in S. Fla. and promises to be an unusually handsome ornamental. Barrett says of it "this magnificent large forest tree occurs, not very commonly, in the provinces of Bataan and Cavite (Philippines). In the rainy season abundant crops of cherry-like frs., about 2-3 cm. in diam., are produced. Each fr. contains 1 seed surrounded by sweet pulp somewhat resembling that of the duhat (Eugenia jambolana) in flavor. The pulp with the addition of lemon or some other acid juice makes a beautifully colored jelly." The tree is known as "calompit" in the Philippines. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Terminalia arjuna flowers
Terminalia bellerica trunk
Terminalia catappa flowers with a Hoverfly- a close up
Terminalia chebula fruit
Selected species

Gallery

References

External links


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