Difference between revisions of "Allium"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Alliaceae
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|genus=Allium
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|common_name=Chive, Garlic, Leek, Onion, Ornamental Onion
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|habit=bulbous
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|lifespan=perennial, biennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image_width=240
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}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
 
| name = ''Allium''
 
| name = ''Allium''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Alliumvineale1web.jpg
 
| image = Alliumvineale1web.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = Crow Garlic (''Allium vineale'') flowerhead, showing sprouting bulbils
 
| image_caption = Crow Garlic (''Allium vineale'') flowerhead, showing sprouting bulbils
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = [[Alliaceae]]
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| familia = Alliaceae
 
| subfamilia = Allioideae
 
| subfamilia = Allioideae
 
| tribus = Allieae
 
| tribus = Allieae
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| genus = '''''Allium'''''
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| genus = Allium
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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}}
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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{{Inc|
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| subdivision =  
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Allium (ancient Latin name of garlic). Liliaceae. Bulbous plants, mostly cultivated in the open, but a few of them grown under glass as florist's flowers; and comprising also the onions and their allies.
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Some important species:<br>
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Leaves flat, channelled, or terete and hollow: fls. in a simple umbel, from a 1-2-lvd. usually scarious spathe; stamens and perianth segms. 6, the perianth parts distinct or nearly so, 1-nerved, and often becoming dry and persistent: style slender, the stigma either entire or parted.—Strong-scented plants, with fls. white, yellow, or in shades of purple and rose. There are 250-300 species in temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. Numbers of species, particularly the Asian, are frequently seen in botanic gardens and choice collections, but only A. Moly and A. neapolitanum are common in this country among the ornamental species, and no attempt is made to describe all the species here that are mentioned in garden literature. For the vegetable garden members of the genus, see Chives, Garlic, Leek, Onion,Shallot. In parts of the northeastern states Allium vineale is a bad weed; it has a slender scape sheathed below with hollow thread-shaped lvs., and greenish rose-colored fls. (or bulblets in the place of fls.).
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No special treatment is required by the alliums. Most of the cult. forms are hardy spring bloomers, and may be treated the same as other hardy border bulbs. Propagation is by offsets and by the bulblets in the umbel; also readily by seeds.
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A. Forgetii, Hort. Corolla pale yellow, spurred on the back. Peru.
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Index.
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acuminatum, 10. fimbriatum, 31. Sanbornii, 27.
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albopilosum, 14. fiatulosum, 3. sativum, 5.
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anceps, 33. Geyeri, 20. scaposum, 21.
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ascalonicum, 4. Hermettii, 9. Schoenoprasum, 1.
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attenuifolium, 28. haematochiton, 18.saenescens. 12.
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Bidwellae, 30. madidum, 22. serratum, 29.
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Bolanderi, 24. Moly, 7. sibiricum, 1.
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bulbellifera, 2. multiplicans. 2. stellatum, 26.
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Cepa, 2. neapolitunum, 9. tricoccum, 15.
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cernuum, 16. platycaule, 34. unifolium, 25.
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Cusickii. 23. Porrum, 6. validum, 17.
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Ellisii, 13. reticulatum, 19. victorialis, 8.
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falcifolium, 32. roseum, 11.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
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Some important species{{SCH}}:<br>
 
''[[Allium acuminatum]]'' - tapertip onion<br>
 
''[[Allium acuminatum]]'' - tapertip onion<br>
 
''[[Allium ampeloprasum]]''<br>
 
''[[Allium ampeloprasum]]''<br>
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''[[Allium ursinum]]'' - wild garlic, ramsons<br>
 
''[[Allium ursinum]]'' - wild garlic, ramsons<br>
 
''[[Allium vineale]]'' - crow garlic<br>
 
''[[Allium vineale]]'' - crow garlic<br>
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'''See [[List of Allium species|full list]].'''<br>
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'''See [[List of Allium species|full list]].'''
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}}
 
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'''''Allium''''' is the [[onion]] [[genus]], with about 1250 [[species]], making it one of the largest plant genera in the world. They are [[perennial plant|perennial]] bulbous plants that produce chemical compounds that give them a characteristic onion or garlic taste and odor, and many are used as food plants. ''Allium'' is classified in family [[Alliaceae]] although some classifications have included it in the [[lily]] family ([[Liliaceae]]).
 
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''Allium'' species occur in [[temperate climate]]s of the [[northern hemisphere]], except for a few species occurring in Chile (as ''Allium juncifolium''),  Brazil (''Allium sellovianum'') or tropical Africa (''Allium spathaceum''). They can vary in height between 5&nbsp;cm and 150&nbsp;cm. The [[flower]]s form an [[umbel]] at the top of a leafless stalk. The [[bulb]]s vary in size between species, from very small (around 2&ndash;3&nbsp;mm in diameter) to rather big (8&ndash;10&nbsp;cm). Some species (such as Welsh onion, ''A. fistulosum'') develop thickened leaf-bases rather than forming bulbs as such.
 
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Most bulbous alliums increase by forming little bulbs or "offsets" around the old one, as well as by [[seed]]. Several species can form many [[Bulb#Bulbil|bulbils]] (tiny bulbs) in the flowerhead; in the so-called "[[tree onion]]" (''A. cepa'' Proliferum Group) the bulbils are few, but large enough to be used for [[pickling]].
 
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Members of the genus include many valued [[vegetable]]s such as [[onion]]s, [[shallots]], [[Leek (vegetable)|leeks]] and [[herb]]s such as [[garlic]] and [[chives]]. A strong "oniony" odor is characteristic of the whole genus, but not all members are equally flavorful.
 
  
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[[Image:Allium giganteum1.jpg|left|150px|thumb|''A. giganteum'']]
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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Some ''Allium'' species, including ''A. cristophii'' and ''A. giganteum'', are used as [[herbaceous border|border]] plants for their flowers, and their "architectural" qualities. Several [[hybrid]]s have been bred, or selected, with rich purple flowers. ''Allium hollandicum'' 'Purple Sensation' is one of the most popular and has been given an [[Award of Garden Merit]] (H4). By contrast, other species (such as the invasive ''Allium triquetrum'') can become troublesome garden [[weed]]s.
 
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Various ''Allium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] inclu
 
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ding [[Cabbage Moth]], [[Common Swift (moth)|Common Swift]] moth (recorded on garlic), [[Garden Dart]] moth, [[Large Yellow Underwing]] moth, [[Nutmeg (moth)|Nutmeg]] moth, [[Setaceous Hebrew Character]] moth, [[Turnip Moth]] and ''[[Schinia|Schinia rosea]]'', a moth which feeds exclusively on ''Allium spp''.
 
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Allium giganteum1.jpg|''A. giganteum''
 
Image:Nodding.jpg|Nodding Wild Onion (''Allium cernuum'')
 
Image:Nodding.jpg|Nodding Wild Onion (''Allium cernuum'')
 
Image:Leeks.JPG|Leeks (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'')
 
Image:Leeks.JPG|Leeks (''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'')
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
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== External links ==
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==References==
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{{commonscat|Allium}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Asparagales]]
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Latest revision as of 01:51, 18 November 2010


Upload.png


Plant Characteristics
Habit   bulbous

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial, biennial
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Alliaceae >

Allium >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!



Crow Garlic (Allium vineale) flowerhead, showing sprouting bulbils


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Alliaceae >

Allium >



Read about Allium in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Allium (ancient Latin name of garlic). Liliaceae. Bulbous plants, mostly cultivated in the open, but a few of them grown under glass as florist's flowers; and comprising also the onions and their allies.

Leaves flat, channelled, or terete and hollow: fls. in a simple umbel, from a 1-2-lvd. usually scarious spathe; stamens and perianth segms. 6, the perianth parts distinct or nearly so, 1-nerved, and often becoming dry and persistent: style slender, the stigma either entire or parted.—Strong-scented plants, with fls. white, yellow, or in shades of purple and rose. There are 250-300 species in temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. Numbers of species, particularly the Asian, are frequently seen in botanic gardens and choice collections, but only A. Moly and A. neapolitanum are common in this country among the ornamental species, and no attempt is made to describe all the species here that are mentioned in garden literature. For the vegetable garden members of the genus, see Chives, Garlic, Leek, Onion,Shallot. In parts of the northeastern states Allium vineale is a bad weed; it has a slender scape sheathed below with hollow thread-shaped lvs., and greenish rose-colored fls. (or bulblets in the place of fls.).

No special treatment is required by the alliums. Most of the cult. forms are hardy spring bloomers, and may be treated the same as other hardy border bulbs. Propagation is by offsets and by the bulblets in the umbel; also readily by seeds.

A. Forgetii, Hort. Corolla pale yellow, spurred on the back. Peru.

Index.

acuminatum, 10. fimbriatum, 31. Sanbornii, 27. albopilosum, 14. fiatulosum, 3. sativum, 5. anceps, 33. Geyeri, 20. scaposum, 21. ascalonicum, 4. Hermettii, 9. Schoenoprasum, 1. attenuifolium, 28. haematochiton, 18.saenescens. 12. Bidwellae, 30. madidum, 22. serratum, 29. Bolanderi, 24. Moly, 7. sibiricum, 1. bulbellifera, 2. multiplicans. 2. stellatum, 26. Cepa, 2. neapolitunum, 9. tricoccum, 15. cernuum, 16. platycaule, 34. unifolium, 25. Cusickii. 23. Porrum, 6. validum, 17. Ellisii, 13. reticulatum, 19. victorialis, 8. falcifolium, 32. roseum, 11. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Do you have cultivation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Species

Some important speciesCH:
Allium acuminatum - tapertip onion
Allium ampeloprasum

A. a. var. ampeloprasum - elephant garlic
A. a. var. kurrat - kurrat
A. a. var. porrum - leek

Allium anceps - twinleaf onion
Allium angulosum - mouse garlic
Allium atrorubens - dark red onion
Allium campanulatum - dusky onion
Allium canadense - Canadian garlic
Allium cepa - garden onion
Allium fistulosum - Welsh onion
Allium neapolitanum - white garlic
Allium nevii - Nevius' garlic
Allium nigrum - black garlic
Allium oleraceum - field garlic
Allium oschaninii - shallot
Allium ramosum - wild Chinese chives
Allium sativum - cultivated garlic
Allium schoenoprasum - chives
Allium scorodoprasum - Sand leek Allium triquetrum - three-cornered leek, triquetous garlic
Allium tuberosum - Chinese chives
Allium ursinum - wild garlic, ramsons
Allium vineale - crow garlic
See full list.

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • A. giganteum

  • Nodding Wild Onion (Allium cernuum)

  • Leeks (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)

References

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Allium&oldid=132119"