Difference between revisions of "Iceland poppy"

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{{SPlantbox
| name = ''LATINNAME''  <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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|familia=Papaveraceae
| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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|genus=Papaver
| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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|species=nudicaule
| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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|common_name=Iceland Poppy
| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|habit=herbaceous
| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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|Min ht metric=cm
| poisonous =     <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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|lifespan=perennial, biennial
| lifespan =     <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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|exposure=sun
| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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|water=moderate
| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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|features=flowers
| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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|flowers=red, orange, yellow, pink, white, single
| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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|Temp Metric=°F
| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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|image=Papaver nudicaule dsc00913.jpg
| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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|image_width=240
| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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|image_caption=Icelandic Poppy (''Papaver nudicaule'')
| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
 
| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
 
| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
 
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| classis =    <!--- Class -->
 
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| familia =    <!--- Family -->
 
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The '''Iceland Poppy''' (''Papaver nudicaule'' syn. ''Papaver croceum, P. amurense, P. miyabeanum'', and ''P. macounii'') is a [[boreal]] flowering plant. Native to subpolar regions of northern Europe and North America, [[Iceland]] [[poppy|poppies]] are hardy but short-lived [[Perennial plant|perennials]],grown as [[Biennial plant|biennials]], that yield large, papery, bowl-shaped, lightly fragrant flowers supported by hairy, 1-foot, curved stems among feathery blue-green foliage 1-6 inches long. They were first described by botanists in 1759. The wild species blooms in white or yellow, and is hardy from USDA Zones 3a-10b. All parts of this plant are likely to be poisonous<ref>Kingsbury, J. M. (1964) Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA. pp. 626</ref>, containing (like all poppies) toxic [[alkaloid|alkaloids]]. In particular, ''P. nudicaule'' has been shown to contain the benzophenanthidine alkaloid, [[chelidonine]]. <ref>Zhang, Y., Pan, H., Chen, S., Meng, Y., Kang, S. (1997). [Minor alkaloids from the capsule of ''Papaver nudicaule'' L.] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 22: 550-1, 576. In Chinese.</ref>
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Papaver nudicaule, Linn. Iceland Poppy. Mostly a yellow-fld. arctic perennial, more robust than the two preceding, cespitose. nearly stemless: lvs. all radical and petiolate, somewhat glaucous, glabrous or hairy, pinnatifid, the segms. oblong and entire or lobed: scapes single or several, usually 1 ft. high, the bud ovoid or nearly globose, pilose, usually nodding; fls. 1-2 in. diam., sweet-scented; petals obovate and sinuate, white with yellow base or yellow with greenish base, the 2 inner ones smaller: caps, oblong or obovate-globose, hispid or rarely glabrous. Arctic regions. E. and W. hemispheres.—The species runs into very many botanical forms. In America a form or similar species is found as far south as S. Colo.The following varieties are in the trade: album, auranti-acum, coccineum, croceum, striatum, and sulphureum. Double forms in the various colors are advertised. Older names which are likely to appear are vars. luteum, puniceum, and rubro-aurantiacum. B.M. 2344. The name "nudicaule" refers to the lack of lvs. on the scape, which distinguishes this and the alpine poppy from the common corn poppy of Eu. P. greenlandicum, Hort., is possibly a catalogue name for P. nudicaule. The Iceland poppy is a favorite for spring bloom. It is a hardy perennial, but blooms the first year from seed. It has neat evergreen foliage on the ground.
Papaver nudicaule, Linn. Iceland Poppy. Fig. 2754. Mostly a yellow-fld. arctic perennial, more robust than the two preceding, cespitose. nearly stemless: lvs. all radical and petiolate, somewhat glaucous, glabrous or hairy, pinnatifid, the segms. oblong and entire or lobed: scapes single or several, usually 1 ft. high, the bud ovoid or nearly globose, pilose, usually nodding; fls. 1-2 in. diam., sweet-scented; petals obovate and sinuate, white with yellow base or yellow with greenish base, the 2 inner ones smaller: caps, oblong or obovate-globose, hispid or rarely glabrous. Arctic regions. E. and W. hemispheres.—The species runs into very many botanical forms. In America a form or similar species is found as far south as S. Colo. Gn. 26:380; 24, p. 342; 28, p. 58: 42, p. 584; 79, p. 42. G. 0:321; 7:66. V. 13:297. B.M. 1633; 3035, and R.H. 1890:60 (P. croceum). F. S. 10:1017 (as var. croceum). The following varieties are in the trade: album, auranti-acum, coccineum, croceum, striatum, and sulphureum. Double forms in the various colors are advertised. Older names which are likely to appear are vars. luteum, puniceum, and rubro-aurantiacum. B.M. 2344. The name "nudicaule" refers to the lack of lvs. on the scape, which distinguishes this and the alpine poppy from the common corn poppy of Eu. P. greenlandicum, Hort., is possibly a catalogue name for P. nudicaule. The Iceland poppy is a favorite for spring bloom. It is a hardy perennial, but blooms the first year from seed. It has neat evergreen foliage on the ground.
 
  
 
The colors have been much varied in the cult, sorts, so that the gardener has choices in pure white, bright yellows, orange, and orange-scarlet. If the seed-pods are continuously removed, the plant will bloom throughout most of the summer. The fls. are very useful for cutting
 
The colors have been much varied in the cult, sorts, so that the gardener has choices in pure white, bright yellows, orange, and orange-scarlet. If the seed-pods are continuously removed, the plant will bloom throughout most of the summer. The fls. are very useful for cutting
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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[[Image:Isländischer Mohn.jpg|thumb|320px|Papaver nudicaule]]
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The plants prefer light, well-drained soil and full sun, but the plants are not hardy in hot weather, perishing within a season in hot summer climates.
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Iceland poppies, like all poppies, possess exceedingly minute seeds and long taproots that resent disturbance. So the seeds are best sown outdoors in autumn (or, at the very latest, in earliest spring) where you wish them to grow, in a reasonably well-drained soil. In mild winter climates, start Iceland poppy seeds indoors and transplant seedlings into their desired positions when they are 2-4 inches tall. The strongest plants are autumn-sown. In cool summer climates on well-drained soils, Iceland poppies can live 2-3 seasons, flowering from early spring to fall <ref>Armitage, Allan M. (2001) ''Armitage’s Manual of Annuals, Biennials, and Half-Hardy Perennials'' (Timber Press; ISBN 0-88192-505-5)</ref>.
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Iceland poppies are amongst the best poppies for cutting, lasting several days in the vase if they are cut just before the buds open and the stem-ends are seared for ten seconds in a flame or boiling water so that their white latex doesn’t leak out. They come in reds oranges, and yellows.
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
==Species==
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==Varieties==
<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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[[Cultivar]]s come in shades of yellow, orange, salmon, rose, pink, cream and white as well as bi-colored varieties. Seed strains include: ‘Champagne Bubbles’ (15-inch plants in orange, pink, scarlet, apricot, yellow, and creamy-white); ‘Wonderland’ (10-inch dwarf strain with flowers up to 4 inches wide); ‘Flamenco’ (pink shades, bordered white, 1 1/2 to 2 feet tall); ‘Party Fun’ (to 1 foot, said to bloom reliably the first year in autumn and the second spring); ‘Illumination’ and ‘Meadow Pastels’ (to 2 feet, perhaps the tallest strains); ‘Matador’ (scarlet flowers to 5 inches across on 16 inch plants); and ‘Oregon Rainbows’, which has large selfed, bicolor, and picoteed flowers and is perhaps the best strain for the cool Pacific Northwest<ref>Sunset Publishing (2001) ''Sunset Western Garden Book, ed. 7'' (Sunset Books Incorporated: ISBN 0-37603-874-8)</ref> (elsewhere this strain’s buds frequently fail to open).
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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Latest revision as of 05:07, 25 July 2011


Icelandic Poppy (Papaver nudicaule)


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous

Lifespan: perennial, biennial
Cultivation
Exposure: sun
Water: moderate
Features: flowers
Flower features: red, orange, yellow, pink, white, single
Scientific Names

Papaveraceae >

Papaver >

nudicaule >


The Iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule syn. Papaver croceum, P. amurense, P. miyabeanum, and P. macounii) is a boreal flowering plant. Native to subpolar regions of northern Europe and North America, Iceland poppies are hardy but short-lived perennials,grown as biennials, that yield large, papery, bowl-shaped, lightly fragrant flowers supported by hairy, 1-foot, curved stems among feathery blue-green foliage 1-6 inches long. They were first described by botanists in 1759. The wild species blooms in white or yellow, and is hardy from USDA Zones 3a-10b. All parts of this plant are likely to be poisonous[1], containing (like all poppies) toxic alkaloids. In particular, P. nudicaule has been shown to contain the benzophenanthidine alkaloid, chelidonine. [2]


Read about Iceland poppy in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Papaver nudicaule, Linn. Iceland Poppy. Mostly a yellow-fld. arctic perennial, more robust than the two preceding, cespitose. nearly stemless: lvs. all radical and petiolate, somewhat glaucous, glabrous or hairy, pinnatifid, the segms. oblong and entire or lobed: scapes single or several, usually 1 ft. high, the bud ovoid or nearly globose, pilose, usually nodding; fls. 1-2 in. diam., sweet-scented; petals obovate and sinuate, white with yellow base or yellow with greenish base, the 2 inner ones smaller: caps, oblong or obovate-globose, hispid or rarely glabrous. Arctic regions. E. and W. hemispheres.—The species runs into very many botanical forms. In America a form or similar species is found as far south as S. Colo.The following varieties are in the trade: album, auranti-acum, coccineum, croceum, striatum, and sulphureum. Double forms in the various colors are advertised. Older names which are likely to appear are vars. luteum, puniceum, and rubro-aurantiacum. B.M. 2344. The name "nudicaule" refers to the lack of lvs. on the scape, which distinguishes this and the alpine poppy from the common corn poppy of Eu. P. greenlandicum, Hort., is possibly a catalogue name for P. nudicaule. The Iceland poppy is a favorite for spring bloom. It is a hardy perennial, but blooms the first year from seed. It has neat evergreen foliage on the ground.

The colors have been much varied in the cult, sorts, so that the gardener has choices in pure white, bright yellows, orange, and orange-scarlet. If the seed-pods are continuously removed, the plant will bloom throughout most of the summer. The fls. are very useful for cutting CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Papaver nudicaule

The plants prefer light, well-drained soil and full sun, but the plants are not hardy in hot weather, perishing within a season in hot summer climates.

Iceland poppies, like all poppies, possess exceedingly minute seeds and long taproots that resent disturbance. So the seeds are best sown outdoors in autumn (or, at the very latest, in earliest spring) where you wish them to grow, in a reasonably well-drained soil. In mild winter climates, start Iceland poppy seeds indoors and transplant seedlings into their desired positions when they are 2-4 inches tall. The strongest plants are autumn-sown. In cool summer climates on well-drained soils, Iceland poppies can live 2-3 seasons, flowering from early spring to fall [3].

Iceland poppies are amongst the best poppies for cutting, lasting several days in the vase if they are cut just before the buds open and the stem-ends are seared for ten seconds in a flame or boiling water so that their white latex doesn’t leak out. They come in reds oranges, and yellows.

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Varieties

Cultivars come in shades of yellow, orange, salmon, rose, pink, cream and white as well as bi-colored varieties. Seed strains include: ‘Champagne Bubbles’ (15-inch plants in orange, pink, scarlet, apricot, yellow, and creamy-white); ‘Wonderland’ (10-inch dwarf strain with flowers up to 4 inches wide); ‘Flamenco’ (pink shades, bordered white, 1 1/2 to 2 feet tall); ‘Party Fun’ (to 1 foot, said to bloom reliably the first year in autumn and the second spring); ‘Illumination’ and ‘Meadow Pastels’ (to 2 feet, perhaps the tallest strains); ‘Matador’ (scarlet flowers to 5 inches across on 16 inch plants); and ‘Oregon Rainbows’, which has large selfed, bicolor, and picoteed flowers and is perhaps the best strain for the cool Pacific Northwest[4] (elsewhere this strain’s buds frequently fail to open).

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

References

External links


  1. Kingsbury, J. M. (1964) Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA. pp. 626
  2. Zhang, Y., Pan, H., Chen, S., Meng, Y., Kang, S. (1997). [Minor alkaloids from the capsule of Papaver nudicaule L.] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 22: 550-1, 576. In Chinese.
  3. Armitage, Allan M. (2001) Armitage’s Manual of Annuals, Biennials, and Half-Hardy Perennials (Timber Press; ISBN 0-88192-505-5)
  4. Sunset Publishing (2001) Sunset Western Garden Book, ed. 7 (Sunset Books Incorporated: ISBN 0-37603-874-8)