Difference between revisions of "Sideroxylon"

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|genus=Sideroxylon
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|image=Starr_010330-0568_Sideroxylon_persimile.jpg
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'''''Sideroxylon''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Sapotaceae]]. There are about 70 [[species]], collectively known as '''bully trees'''. The generic name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''σιδηρος'' (''sideros''), meaning "[[iron]]", and ''ξύλον'' (''xylon''), meaning "wood."<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC |title=The Names of Plants |first=D. |last=Gledhill |edition=4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521866453 |year=2008 |page=352}}</ref> The genus is distributed mainly in the [[Neotropic ecozone|neotropics]], but also in [[Africa]], [[Madagascar]], and the [[Mascarene Islands]]. Some species, such as Gum Bully (''[[Sideroxylon lanuginosum|S. lanuginosum]]''), ''[[Sideroxylon tenax|S. tenax]]'', and Buckthorn Bully (''[[Sideroxylon lycioides|S. lycioides]]''), are found in [[Subtropics|subtropical]] areas of [[North American Atlantic Region|North America]]. The only [[South Africa]]n species, the [[White Milkwood]] (''[[Sideroxylon inerme|S. inerme]]''), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.
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Bumelia (ancient Greek name for an ash-tree). Sapotaceae. Buckthorn ; also Ironwood. Woody plants sometimes cultivated in botanical collections, but without particular ornamental qualities.
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Small trees or shrubs with milky or gummy sap and very hard wood: branches usually spiny: Lvs. alternate, entire, short-petioled: fls. mostly perfect in axillary clusters, long-pedicelled; calyx 5-lobed, persistent; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes longer than tube with a small appendage on each side; stamens 5, adnate to the corolla, and 5 petal-like staminodes; ovary 5- celled, pubescent: fr. a 1-seeded drupe.—About 20 species from the southern states to Brazil.
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These are evergreen or deciduous small trees or shrubs, usually spiny, with generally obovate to oblong leaves and inconspicuous white flowers on axillary clusters followed by black subglobose to oblong-ovoid drupes. None of the species is of much horticultural value, but as most of them grow naturally on dry, rocky or sandy soil, they may be used sometimes with advantage for planting in similar situations. The hardiest are B. lanuginosa and B. lycioides, which have proved hardy in sheltered positions at the Arnold Arboretum. Propagation is by seeds.
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B. angustlfolia, Nutt. Shrub or small tree, to 25 ft.: Lvs. persist- ent, obovate to oblanceolate, glabrous, 1-1 H in. long.; fr. oblong. Fla. 8.8.5:249.—B. lycioides, Gaertn. Shrub or small tree, to 25 ft.: Lvs. deciduous, elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, acute, glabrous, 1' i-4 in. long: fr. ovoid. Va. to III.. Fla. and Texas. S.8. 5:248.—B. tenaz, Willd. Shrub or small tree, to 30 ft.: Lvs. obovate to oblanceolate, pubescent beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. oblong. N, C. to Fla. S.S. 5:246.
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Sideroxylon (Greek, iron and wood, referring to the hardness of the wood). Sapotaceae. Trees and shrubs, with simple lvs. and small fls. in axillary clusters: fls. 5-merous or rarely 6-merous; calyx-lobes roundish or ovate, usually obtuse, nearly equal; corolla more or less bell-shaped; stamens attached to the tube at the base of the lobes and opposite to them; staminodia scale-like or petaloid; ovary usually 5-loculed: berry ovoid or globose.—About 110 species, mainly tropical, a few extra-tropical. S. Afr., Austral., and New Zeal.
 
Sideroxylon (Greek, iron and wood, referring to the hardness of the wood). Sapotaceae. Trees and shrubs, with simple lvs. and small fls. in axillary clusters: fls. 5-merous or rarely 6-merous; calyx-lobes roundish or ovate, usually obtuse, nearly equal; corolla more or less bell-shaped; stamens attached to the tube at the base of the lobes and opposite to them; staminodia scale-like or petaloid; ovary usually 5-loculed: berry ovoid or globose.—About 110 species, mainly tropical, a few extra-tropical. S. Afr., Austral., and New Zeal.
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
==Species==
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Selected species:
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{|
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* ''[[Sideroxylon acunae]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon acutangulum]]'' <small>Ducke</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon alachuense]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon altamiranoi]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon americanum]]'' <small>(Mill.) T.D. Penn.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon angustum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon anomalum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon argenteum]]'' <small>Pierre</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon australe]]'' &ndash; [[Australian Native Plum]]
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* ''[[Sideroxylon bangii]]'' <small>Rusby</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon betsimisarakum]]'' <small>Lecomte</small><!-- (Madagascar) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon bolivianum]]'' <small>Rusby</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon borbonicum]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon boutonianum]]''<!-- (Mauritius: Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon bullatum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon capiri]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cartilagineum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon celastrinum]]'' <small>(Kunth) T.D. Penn.</small> &ndash; Saffron Plum
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cinereum]]''<!-- (Mauritius) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon confertum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon contrerasii]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon costatum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon crassipedicellatum]]'' <small>Mart. & Eichler Baehni</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cubense]]'' &ndash; [[Espejuelo]]
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cuneatum]]'' <small>Raunk.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cuspidatum]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cylindrocarpum]]'' <small>Poepp.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cymosum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon cyrtobotryum]]'' <small>Mart.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon dominicanum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon durifolium]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon eerwah]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon elegans]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon eriocarpum]]''<!--  (Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon eucoriaceum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon excavatum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon fimbriatum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon floribundum]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon foetidissimum]]'' <small>Jacq.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon galeatum]]''<!-- (Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon gardnerianum]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
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* ''Sideroxylon grandiflorum'' &ndash; [[Tambalacoque]], Calvaria Tree, Dodo Tree
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* ''[[Sideroxylon grandifolium]]''<!-- (Mauritius) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon guyanense]]'' <small>A.DC.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon hirtiantherum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon horridum]]'' <small>(Griseb.) T.D.Penn.</small><!-- (Cuba) -->
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|
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* ''[[Sideroxylon ibarrae]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; [[White Milkwood]]
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* ''[[Sideroxylon jubilla]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon lanuginosum]]'' &ndash; Gum Bully
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* ''[[Sideroxylon leucophyllum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon lycioides]]'' &ndash; Buckthorn Bully
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* ''[[Sideroxylon macranthum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon majus]]'' <small>(Gaertn.f.) Baehni</small><!-- (Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon marginatum]]'' <small>(Decne. Ex Webb)</small><!-- (Cape Verde Islands: Endangered) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon mascatense]]'' <small>(A. DC.) T.D. Penn.</small><!-- (Arabia) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon mastichodendroides]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon mirmulano]]''<!-- mirmulano is probably lapsus (Canary Islands) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon montanum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon obovatum]]'' &ndash; [[Breakbill]]
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* ''[[Sideroxylon obtusifolium]]'' <small>(Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn.</small><!-- (Mexico) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon occidentale]]'' <small>(Hemsl.) T.D.Penn.</small><!-- (Mexico) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon octosepalum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon pacurero]]'' <small>Loefl.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon palmeri]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon peninsulare]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon persimile]]'' <small>(Hemsl.) T.D. Penn.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon portoricense]]'' <small>Urb.</small> &ndash; [[Puerto Rico Bully]]
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* ''[[Sideroxylon puberulum]]''<!-- (Mauritius) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon reclinatum]]'' &ndash; Florida Bully, Everglades Bully
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* ''[[Sideroxylon repens]]'' <small>(Urb. and Ekman) T.D. Penn.</small><!-- (Dominican Republic) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon reticulatum]]'' <small>Britton</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon retinerve]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon robustum]]'' <small>Mart. & Eichler</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon rotundifolium]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon rubiginosum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon rufum]]'' <small>Mart. & Eichler</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon rugosum]]'' <small>Roem. & Schult.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon saldanhaei]]'' <small>Glaz.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon saxorum]]'' <small>Lecomte</small><!-- (Madagascar) -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon sessiliflorum]]''<!-- (Mauritius: Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon socorrense]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon spinosum]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon spruceanum]]'' <small>Mart. & Miq.</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon stevensonii]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon tempisque]]''
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* ''[[Sideroxylon tenax]]'' <small>L.</small> &ndash; [[Tough Bully]]<!-- (Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon thornei]]'' &ndash; [[Georgia Bully]]<!-- (Vulnerable) [not in IUCN Redlist] -->
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* ''[[Sideroxylon venulosum]]'' <small>Mart. & Eichler</small>
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* ''[[Sideroxylon wightianum]]'' <small>S. Mori</small>
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|}
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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Image:Sideroxylon marmulano leaves.jpg|Leaves of ''[[Sideroxylon marmulano]]''
 
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==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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Latest revision as of 20:22, 18 February 2010


Sideroxylon persimile


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Sapotaceae >

Sideroxylon >

L. >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Sideroxylon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapotaceae. There are about 70 species, collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."[1] The genus is distributed mainly in the neotropics, but also in Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands. Some species, such as Gum Bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and Buckthorn Bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the White Milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.


Read about Sideroxylon in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Bumelia (ancient Greek name for an ash-tree). Sapotaceae. Buckthorn ; also Ironwood. Woody plants sometimes cultivated in botanical collections, but without particular ornamental qualities.

Small trees or shrubs with milky or gummy sap and very hard wood: branches usually spiny: Lvs. alternate, entire, short-petioled: fls. mostly perfect in axillary clusters, long-pedicelled; calyx 5-lobed, persistent; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes longer than tube with a small appendage on each side; stamens 5, adnate to the corolla, and 5 petal-like staminodes; ovary 5- celled, pubescent: fr. a 1-seeded drupe.—About 20 species from the southern states to Brazil.

These are evergreen or deciduous small trees or shrubs, usually spiny, with generally obovate to oblong leaves and inconspicuous white flowers on axillary clusters followed by black subglobose to oblong-ovoid drupes. None of the species is of much horticultural value, but as most of them grow naturally on dry, rocky or sandy soil, they may be used sometimes with advantage for planting in similar situations. The hardiest are B. lanuginosa and B. lycioides, which have proved hardy in sheltered positions at the Arnold Arboretum. Propagation is by seeds.

B. angustlfolia, Nutt. Shrub or small tree, to 25 ft.: Lvs. persist- ent, obovate to oblanceolate, glabrous, 1-1 H in. long.; fr. oblong. Fla. 8.8.5:249.—B. lycioides, Gaertn. Shrub or small tree, to 25 ft.: Lvs. deciduous, elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, acute, glabrous, 1' i-4 in. long: fr. ovoid. Va. to III.. Fla. and Texas. S.8. 5:248.—B. tenaz, Willd. Shrub or small tree, to 30 ft.: Lvs. obovate to oblanceolate, pubescent beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. oblong. N, C. to Fla. S.S. 5:246.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.



Read about Sideroxylon in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Sideroxylon (Greek, iron and wood, referring to the hardness of the wood). Sapotaceae. Trees and shrubs, with simple lvs. and small fls. in axillary clusters: fls. 5-merous or rarely 6-merous; calyx-lobes roundish or ovate, usually obtuse, nearly equal; corolla more or less bell-shaped; stamens attached to the tube at the base of the lobes and opposite to them; staminodia scale-like or petaloid; ovary usually 5-loculed: berry ovoid or globose.—About 110 species, mainly tropical, a few extra-tropical. S. Afr., Austral., and New Zeal. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Selected species:

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780521866453. http://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC. 

External links


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