Difference between revisions of "Lansium domesticum"

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Lansium domesticum, Jack. Langsat. Lansa. Lanseh. Lanzon. Ayer Ayer. A medium-sized, rather slender tree, native of the Malayan Archipelago: lvs. with 3 or more pairs of elliptical to obovate, alternate, shortly petiolulate lfts., about 4-6 in. long and 2-3 in. broad: fr. globose or ovate, 1-1 1/2 in. long, calyx persistent, the sepals small, dry, brownish; seeds 1 or 2 developed, remainder usually aborted, of variable size, oval; testa membranous. —The langsat is frequently seen in the markets of Manila, Canton, Singapore, Penang, and other cities in that part of the world. The round to oval frs. are borne in clusters, and are not unlike loquats in general appearance, except that the color is a dull straw or brownish yellow, and the thick leathery skin, which does not adhere to the flesh, is pubescent on the surface. The flesh separates into 5 or less distinct segms. like those of an orange, and is white, translucent, very juicy, and of a subacid pungent flavor, sometimes tasting slightly of turpentine, especially if the thin membrane which surrounds the segms. gets into the mouth. It is eaten fresh or prepared in various ways. Ward wrote that the langsat "is by many reckoned the finest fruit in the peninsula. The month of July is the season at Malacca when it is had in the greatest perfection." Its season extends to Sept. A variety known as "duku" or "doekoe" is larger than the type, and considered much the better of the two. Both the duku and the langsat are commonly planted in gardens, and spring up along the roadsides. They have recently been planted in S. Fla. and the W. Indies. The duku is produced in smaller clusters than the langsat, and is spherical in form, varying from 1-2 in. diam. The skin is about 1/8 in. thick, leathery, dull brownish yellow in color, covered with a thick grayish pubescence. The flavor is very pleasant and refreshing, scarcely comparable to that of any temperate fr. The seeds retain their vitality for some time, if not allowed to become too dry, and germinate readily when planted in light, loamy soil. Seed prop, is the only method known to be employed in Malaya.
 
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
 
| name = ''Lansium domesticum''
 
| name = ''Lansium domesticum''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = tree{{wp}}
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Lanzones.jpg
 
| image = Lanzones.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Langsat in the [[Philippines]]
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| image_caption = Langsat
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Sapindales]]
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| ordo = Sapindales
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| familia = [[Meliaceae]]
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| familia = Meliaceae
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| genus = ''[[Lansium]]''
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| genus = Lansium
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| species = '''''L. domesticum'''''
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| species = domesticum
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| binomial = ''Lansium domesticum''
 
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| binomial_authority = [[Corrêa]]
 
 
}}
 
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{{Inc|
 
[[Image:Lansiumdomesticumfruit.jpg|Fruit of the ''Lansium domesticum''.|right|200px|thumb]]
 
[[Image:Lansiumdomesticumfruit.jpg|Fruit of the ''Lansium domesticum''.|right|200px|thumb]]
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'''''Lansium domesticum''''' is a species of fruit-bearing [[tree]] belonging to the family [[Meliaceae]].
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Lansium domesticum, Jack. Langsat. Lansa. Lanseh. Lanzon. Ayer Ayer. A medium-sized, rather slender tree, native of the Malayan Archipelago: lvs. with 3 or more pairs of elliptical to obovate, alternate, shortly petiolulate lfts., about 4-6 in. long and 2-3 in. broad: fr. globose or ovate, 1-1 1/2 in. long, calyx persistent, the sepals small, dry, brownish; seeds 1 or 2 developed, remainder usually aborted, of variable size, oval; testa membranous. —The langsat is frequently seen in the markets of Manila, Canton, Singapore, Penang, and other cities in that part of the world. The round to oval frs. are borne in clusters, and are not unlike loquats in general appearance, except that the color is a dull straw or brownish yellow, and the thick leathery skin, which does not adhere to the flesh, is pubescent on the surface. The flesh separates into 5 or less distinct segms. like those of an orange, and is white, translucent, very juicy, and of a subacid pungent flavor, sometimes tasting slightly of turpentine, especially if the thin membrane which surrounds the segms. gets into the mouth. It is eaten fresh or prepared in various ways. Ward wrote that the langsat "is by many reckoned the finest fruit in the peninsula. The month of July is the season at Malacca when it is had in the greatest perfection." Its season extends to Sept. A variety known as "duku" or "doekoe" is larger than the type, and considered much the better of the two. Both the duku and the langsat are commonly planted in gardens, and spring up along the roadsides. They have recently been planted in S. Fla. and the W. Indies. The duku is produced in smaller clusters than the langsat, and is spherical in form, varying from 1-2 in. diam. The skin is about 1/8 in. thick, leathery, dull brownish yellow in color, covered with a thick grayish pubescence. The flavor is very pleasant and refreshing, scarcely comparable to that of any temperate fr. The seeds retain their vitality for some time, if not allowed to become too dry, and germinate readily when planted in light, loamy soil. Seed prop, is the only method known to be employed in Malaya.{{SCH}}
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}}
  
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==Anatomy, morphology and habit==
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==Cultivation==
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===Habit===
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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''Lansium domesticum'' is a medium-sized, single-trunked tree that usually grows from ten to fifteen meters tall.<ref name="Morton1987">{{cite book | last =Morton | first =Julia F. | authorlink =Julia Morton | title =Fruits of warm climates | publisher = Florida Flair Books | date =1987 | location =Miami, FL. | pages =p. 201–203 | url =http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/langsat.html | doi = | id =  | isbn = 0961018410 }}</ref>
 
  
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The plant has [[pinnate|pinnately compound]] [[leaf|leaves]] that grow to a length of around twenty to fifty centimeters long per leaf. Each fully-grown leaf has five to seven slightly-leathery, [[obovate]] [[leaflets]] that can reach a length of twenty centimeters each. A very prominent [[midrib]] bisects each dark green, glossy leaflet.<ref name="Morton1987"/>
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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===Flowers===
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===Pests and diseases===
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''L. domesticum'' [[flower]]s are [[bisexual]], having both [[stamen]] and [[pistil]] structures in the same flower. The pale-yellow, fleshy flowers are found in [[inflorescence]]s or around thirty, in most cases in a [[raceme]] usually around thirty centimeters long.<ref name="Morton1987"/>
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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===Fruit===
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==Species==
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[[Fruit]]s are [[ovoid]], roundish [[orb]]s around five centimeters in diameter, usually found in clusters of two to thirty fruits. Each round fruit is covered by yellowish, thick, leathery skin. Underneath the skin, the fruit is divided into five or six slices of [[translucent]], juicy flesh. The flesh is slightly acidic in taste, although ripe specimens are sweeter. Green, seeds are present in around half of the segments, usually taking up a small portion of the segment although some seeds take up the entire segment's volume. In contrast with the sweet-sour flavor of the fruit's flesh, the seeds are extremely bitter.The sweet juicy flesh contains sucrose, saccharose, fructose and glucose.<ref name="Morton1987"/>
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
  
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==Distribution==
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==Gallery==
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{{sectstub}}
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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''Lansium domesticum'' was originally native to the [[Malaysia|Malaysian]] [[peninsula]].
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Agriculturally, the tree is grown throughout the entire [[Southeast asia|Southeast asian]] region, ranging from Southern [[India]] to the [[Philippines]] for its fruit. In the Philippines, the plant is grown mostly on the northern island of [[Luzon]] due to the species' narrow range of conditions favorable to its survival. Within mainland [[Asia]], the tree is cultivated in [[Thailand]], [[Vietnam]] and [[India]], as well as its native Malaysia. Outside the region, it has also been successfully transplanted and introduced to [[Hawaii]] and [[Surinam]].<ref name="Morton1987"/>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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==Ecology and life history==
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</gallery>
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{{sectstub}}
 
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==Evolutionary history==
 
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{{sectstub}}
 
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==Etymology and taxonomic history==
 
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''Lansium domesticum'' is currently classified within the family [[Meliaceae]].<ref name="ITISLdomesticum"> {{ITIS | ID = 506421 | taxon = Lansium domesticum | year = 2007 | date = 12 March}}</ref>
 
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It is known variously as '''langsat''' ([[Malay language|Malay]]), '''lansones''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]), '''lansa''', '''langseh''', '''langsep''', '''lanzon''', '''lanzone''', '''lansone''', '''longkong''' ([[Thai language|Thai]]), '''duku''', '''kokosan''' ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]), '''lòn bon''' and '''bòn bon''' ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]).
 
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==Importance to humans==
 
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{{sectstub}}
 
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{{Fact|date=July 2007}}
 
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==Bibliography==
 
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*{{cite book | last =Morton | first =Julia F. | authorlink =Julia Morton | title =Fruits of warm climates | publisher = Florida Flair Books | date =1987 | location =Miami, FL. | pages =p. 201–203 | url =http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/langsat.html | doi = | id =  | isbn = 0961018410 }}
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{reflist}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--==See Also==-->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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{{Commons|Lansium domesticum}}
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*{{wplink}}
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* {{unimelb|Lansium.html}}
 
  
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[[Category:Sapindales]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Fruit]]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of Indonesia]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of Thailand]]
 
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[[Category:Flora of the Philippines]]
 
  
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{{fruit-stub}}
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Latest revision as of 19:46, 9 July 2009


Langsat


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Meliaceae >

Lansium >

domesticum >



Read about Lansium domesticum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 
Fruit of the Lansium domesticum.

Lansium domesticum, Jack. Langsat. Lansa. Lanseh. Lanzon. Ayer Ayer. A medium-sized, rather slender tree, native of the Malayan Archipelago: lvs. with 3 or more pairs of elliptical to obovate, alternate, shortly petiolulate lfts., about 4-6 in. long and 2-3 in. broad: fr. globose or ovate, 1-1 1/2 in. long, calyx persistent, the sepals small, dry, brownish; seeds 1 or 2 developed, remainder usually aborted, of variable size, oval; testa membranous. —The langsat is frequently seen in the markets of Manila, Canton, Singapore, Penang, and other cities in that part of the world. The round to oval frs. are borne in clusters, and are not unlike loquats in general appearance, except that the color is a dull straw or brownish yellow, and the thick leathery skin, which does not adhere to the flesh, is pubescent on the surface. The flesh separates into 5 or less distinct segms. like those of an orange, and is white, translucent, very juicy, and of a subacid pungent flavor, sometimes tasting slightly of turpentine, especially if the thin membrane which surrounds the segms. gets into the mouth. It is eaten fresh or prepared in various ways. Ward wrote that the langsat "is by many reckoned the finest fruit in the peninsula. The month of July is the season at Malacca when it is had in the greatest perfection." Its season extends to Sept. A variety known as "duku" or "doekoe" is larger than the type, and considered much the better of the two. Both the duku and the langsat are commonly planted in gardens, and spring up along the roadsides. They have recently been planted in S. Fla. and the W. Indies. The duku is produced in smaller clusters than the langsat, and is spherical in form, varying from 1-2 in. diam. The skin is about 1/8 in. thick, leathery, dull brownish yellow in color, covered with a thick grayish pubescence. The flavor is very pleasant and refreshing, scarcely comparable to that of any temperate fr. The seeds retain their vitality for some time, if not allowed to become too dry, and germinate readily when planted in light, loamy soil. Seed prop, is the only method known to be employed in Malaya.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

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References

External links


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