Difference between revisions of "Sorbus aucuparia"

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|species=aucuparia
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|common_name=European mountain ash, Mountain ash, Rowan
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|image_caption=Rowan growing with [[Mountain Pine]] on a mountainside in the Italian Alps
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Sorbus aucuparia, Linn. (Pyrus Aucuparia, Gaertn.). European Mountain-ash. Rowan Tree. Fig. 3649. Round-headed tree, 20-40, occasionally 60 ft. high: young branchlets pubescent, grayish brown when older: petioles more or less tomentose; lfts. 9-15, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, serrate, entire toward the base, dull green above, pubescent beneath or rarely glabrous, 3/4 - 2 in. long: fls. white, 1/3 in. across, in flat, 4-6-in.-broad, tomentose or sometimes almost glabrous corymbs; stamens about as long as petals: fr. globose, about 1/3 in. across, bright red. May, June. Eu. to W. Asia and Siberia. H.W. 3:54, pp. 78, 79. Var. dulcis, Kraetzl (var. moravica, Zengerling). Almost glabrous: petioles purplish; lfts. oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, glaucescent beneath, usually serrate only above the middle. The frs. are of an agreeable acid flavor and recommended for preserves. The tree thrives well in cold northern climates where hardly any other fr.-tree will grow. G.M. 52:887. Var. rossica, Spaeth, is similar and also bears edible fr., but the lfts. are larger and broader and more serrate. Var. Beissneri, Rehd. (var. dulcis laciniata, Beissn., not var. laciniata, Hartm.), is a handsome and graceful form of var. dulcis with the lfts. pinnately lobed and the lf .-stalks and young branchlets bright red. G.W. 3:267. Var. fastigiata, Loud., forms a narrow pyramidal tree, with upright branches. Var. pendula, Hort., has long and slender pendulous branches. M.D. 1911, p. 246. Var. integerrima, Lange. Lfts. entire or nearly so. Var. Fifeana, Dipp. (var. fructuluteo, Hort.). Fr. yellow. There are also varieties with variegated foliage.—This species is often planted as a street tree in mountain regions of Eu.
 
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'''''Sorbus aucuparia''''' ('''Rowan''', '''European Rowan''', '''Mountain ash''', or '''European mountain ash'''), is a species of the genus [[Sorbus]], native to most of [[Europe]] except for the far south, and northern [[Asia]]. In the south of its range in the [[Mediterranean region]] it is confined to high altitudes in mountains.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.</ref><ref name=dvf>Den Virtuella Floran: [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/rosa/sorbu/sorbaucv.jpg ''Sorbus aucuparia'' map]</ref>
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Sometimes called "[[Mountain Ash]]",<ref name=vedel>Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Methuen & Co Ltd.</ref><ref name=arkive>Arkive: [http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/plants_and_algae/Sorbus_aucuparia/more_info.html Rowan (''Sorbus aucuparia'')]</ref> ''Sorbus'' is unrelated to the true [[Fraxinus|Ash tree]] though the leaves are superficially similar. 
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It is a small to medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m.<ref>Tree Register of the British Isles</ref> The [[bark]] is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The [[leaf|leaves]] are [[pinnate]], 10–22&nbsp;cm long and 6-12&nbsp;cm broad, with 9–19 (most often 13–15) leaflets; each leaflet is 3–7&nbsp;cm long and 15–23&nbsp;mm broad, with a coarsely serrated margin; they are variably hairy, particularly the petiole and leaf veins on the underside. The [[plant sexuality|hermaphrodite]] [[flower]]s are produced in large terminal [[corymb]]s 8–15&nbsp;cm diameter with up to 250 flowers, the individual flowers 1&nbsp;cm diameter, with five creamy-white [[petal]]s, and are insect pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a small [[pome]] 6–9&nbsp;mm (rarely up to 14&nbsp;mm) diameter, green at first, ripening bright red in late summer, and containing up to eight (most commonly two) small [[seed]]s. It is [[diploid]], with a [[chromosome]] count of 2''n''=34.<ref name=rushforth/><ref name=tfl>Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan]</ref><ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia'']</ref>
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Widely grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, more locally in northern North America, where also sometimes naturalised.
  
 
==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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Rowan is very tolerant of cold and is often found at high altitude on mountains; in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] it occurs at up to 1 000 m altitude, higher than any other tree, and in [[France]] up to 2 000 m.<ref name=arkive/><ref name=tfl/><ref name=afm2>Mitchell, A. F. (1982). ''The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0</ref>
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It is very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including thin acid soils and cracks in cliffs. It also fairly frequently grows as an [[epiphyte]] in clefts or cavities of larger trees such as [[Scots Pine]]s, though epiphytic specimens rarely have growing conditions adequate for them to reach maturity.<ref name=tfl/>
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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==Species==
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==Subspecies==
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*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''aucuparia''. Temperate Europe and northwest Asia, south to central [[Spain]], central [[Italy]], and northernmost [[Greece]], and east to the [[Ob River|Ob]] and [[Irtysh River|Irtysh]] rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairy.
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*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''fenenkiana''. [[Bulgaria]] ([[endemism|endemic]]).
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*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''glabrata'' (syn. ''S. glabrata''). Subarctic regions, from [[Iceland]], northernmost [[Scotland]] ([[Orkney]], [[Shetland]]), northern [[Scandinavia]], northwest [[Russia]], and also locally at [[tree line]] in central Europe in the [[Alps]] and [[Carpathians]]. Shrubby; leaves and shoots less hairy.
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*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''praemorsa''. High altitudes in the Mediterranean region in France ([[Corsica]]) and Italy ([[Sicily]] and [[Calabria]]).
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*''Sorbus aucuparia'' subsp. ''sibirica'' (syn. ''S. sibirica''). Temperate northern Asia, east of the [[Ob River|Ob]] and [[Irtysh River|Irtysh]] rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairless.
  
 
==Gallery==
 
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File:Sorbus aucuparia Wilde lijsterbes bloeiwijze.jpg| photo 1
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==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
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*Trees for Life Species Profile: [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.rowan.html Rowan]
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*Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2736 ''Sorbus aucuparia'']
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 05:24, 3 June 2010


Rowan growing with Mountain Pine on a mountainside in the Italian Alps


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15. to 40 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 40.
Width: ⇔ 20 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 20.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ Europe, northern Asia
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun, part-sun
Features: ✓ flowers
USDA Zones: 2 to 9
Scientific Names

Rosaceae >

Sorbus >

aucuparia >


Sorbus aucuparia (Rowan, European Rowan, Mountain ash, or European mountain ash), is a species of the genus Sorbus, native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia. In the south of its range in the Mediterranean region it is confined to high altitudes in mountains.[1][2]

Sometimes called "Mountain Ash",[3][4] Sorbus is unrelated to the true Ash tree though the leaves are superficially similar.

It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree typically growing to 8–10 m tall, more rarely 20 m, and exceptionally to 28 m.[5] The bark is smooth, silvery grey of young trees, becoming scaly pale grey-brown and occasionally fissured on old trees. The shoots are green and variably hairy at first, becoming grey-brown and hairless; the buds are conspicuous, purple-brown, and often densely hairy. The leaves are pinnate, 10–22 cm long and 6-12 cm broad, with 9–19 (most often 13–15) leaflets; each leaflet is 3–7 cm long and 15–23 mm broad, with a coarsely serrated margin; they are variably hairy, particularly the petiole and leaf veins on the underside. The hermaphrodite flowers are produced in large terminal corymbs 8–15 cm diameter with up to 250 flowers, the individual flowers 1 cm diameter, with five creamy-white petals, and are insect pollinated. The fruit is a small pome 6–9 mm (rarely up to 14 mm) diameter, green at first, ripening bright red in late summer, and containing up to eight (most commonly two) small seeds. It is diploid, with a chromosome count of 2n=34.[1][6][7]

Widely grown as an ornamental tree in northern Europe, more locally in northern North America, where also sometimes naturalised.

Cultivation

Rowan is very tolerant of cold and is often found at high altitude on mountains; in the UK it occurs at up to 1 000 m altitude, higher than any other tree, and in France up to 2 000 m.[4][6][8]

It is very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, including thin acid soils and cracks in cliffs. It also fairly frequently grows as an epiphyte in clefts or cavities of larger trees such as Scots Pines, though epiphytic specimens rarely have growing conditions adequate for them to reach maturity.[6]

Propagation

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Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Subspecies

  • Sorbus aucuparia subsp. aucuparia. Temperate Europe and northwest Asia, south to central Spain, central Italy, and northernmost Greece, and east to the Ob and Irtysh rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairy.
  • Sorbus aucuparia subsp. fenenkiana. Bulgaria (endemic).
  • Sorbus aucuparia subsp. glabrata (syn. S. glabrata). Subarctic regions, from Iceland, northernmost Scotland (Orkney, Shetland), northern Scandinavia, northwest Russia, and also locally at tree line in central Europe in the Alps and Carpathians. Shrubby; leaves and shoots less hairy.
  • Sorbus aucuparia subsp. praemorsa. High altitudes in the Mediterranean region in France (Corsica) and Italy (Sicily and Calabria).
  • Sorbus aucuparia subsp. sibirica (syn. S. sibirica). Temperate northern Asia, east of the Ob and Irtysh rivers. Tree form; leaves and shoots hairless.

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

  • Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  • Trees for Life Species Profile: Rowan
  • Flora of NW Europe: Sorbus aucuparia
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  2. ↑ Den Virtuella Floran: Sorbus aucuparia map
  3. ↑ Vedel, H., & Lange, J. (1960). Trees and Bushes in Wood and Hedgerow. Methuen & Co Ltd.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arkive: Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
  5. ↑ Tree Register of the British Isles
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Trees for Life Species Profile: Rowan
  7. ↑ Flora of NW Europe: Sorbus aucuparia
  8. ↑ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0

External links


Retrieved from "http://gardenology.mywikis.net/w/index.php?title=Sorbus_aucuparia&oldid=129208"