Difference between revisions of "Red buckeye"

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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{SPlantbox
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| name = Aesculus pavia
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|familia=Hippocastanaceae
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| common_names = Red Buckeye
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|genus=Aesculus
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| growth_habit = bulky shrub/small tree
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|species=pavia
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| high = 15 m
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|common_name=Red buckeye
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| wide =     <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| origin = E USA
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|habit=tree
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| poisonous = seeds toxic
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| lifespan = perennial
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|Max ht box=15
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| exposure = full sun
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|Max ht metric=ft
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| water =     <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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|height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| features =     <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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|Max wd box=10
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| hardiness =     <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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|Max wd metric=ft
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| bloom =     <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| usda_zones =     <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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|origin=E USA
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| sunset_zones = 3-9, 14-24, 30-34
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|poisonous=seeds toxic
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| color = IndianRed
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|lifespan=perennial
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| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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|exposure=sun
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| image_caption =    <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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| regnum = Plantae
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|features=flowers
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|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
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|flower_season=early summer, mid summer, late summer
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|unranked_classis = Eudicots
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|flower_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|unranked_ordo = Rosids
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|flowers=red, pink
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|ordo = Sapindales
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|familia = Sapindaceae
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|min_zone=6
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|genus = Aesculus
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|species = pavia
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|max_zone=10
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|sunset_zones=3-9, 14-24, 30-34
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|image=Red Buckeye Aesculus pavia Leaf Cluster 2800px.jpg
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|image_width=240
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Aesculus pavia''''', known as '''Red Buckeye''' or '''Firecracker Plant''', is a species of [[deciduous]] [[flowering plant]]. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the [[United States]], found from [[Illinois]] to [[Virginia]] in the north and from [[Texas]] to [[Florida]] in the south.
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It has a number of local names, such as scarlet buckeye, woolly buckeye and firecracker plant.
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The Red Buckeye is a large [[shrub]] or small [[tree]]. It reaches a height of 5-8 m, often growing in a multi-stemmed form. Its leaves are opposite, and are usually composed of five elliptical serrated leaflets, each 10-15 cm long. It bears 10-17 cm long clusters of attractive dark red tubular flowers, each in April to May. The flowers are [[hermaphrodite]]. The smooth light brown fruits, about 3 cm in diameter, reach maturity in September and October.
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There are two [[variety (biology)|varieties]]:
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*''Aesculus pavia'' var. ''pavia'': typical Red Buckeye.
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*''Aesculus pavia'' var. ''flavescens'': yellow-flowered Red Buckeye.
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The yellow-flowered variety, ''var. flavescens'', is found in higher country in Texas, and [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] with intermediate flower color occur.
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The flowers are attractive to [[hummingbird]]s as well as [[bee]]s. The fruits are rich in [[saponin]]s, which are poisonous to humans, though not particularly dangerous because they are not easily ingested. The oils can be extracted to make [[soap]], though this is not commercially viable.
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Ornamental [[cultivar]]s such as the low-growing 'Humilis' have been selected for garden use.
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Red Buckeye has hybridized with Common Horse-chestnut (''[[Aesculus hippocastanum]]'') in cultivation, the hybrid being named ''[[Aesculus × carnea]]'', Red Horse-chestnut. The hybrid is a medium-size tree to 20-25 m tall, intermediate between the parent species in most respects, but inheriting the red flower color from ''A. pavia''. It is a popular tree in large [[garden]]s and [[park]]s, most commonly the selected [[cultivar]] 'Briotii'. Hybrids of Red Buckeye with [[Yellow Buckeye]] (''A. flava'') have also been found, and named ''Aesculus × hybrida''.
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{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
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Aesculus pavia, Linn. (Pavia rubra, Poir. P. Michauxii, Spach). RED BUCKEYE. Shrub or small tree, 4-20 ft.: lfts. oblong or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, smooth or pubescent beneath: panicles 4-7 in. long, loose; fls. purplish to dark red; calyx tubular; petals very dissimilar; stamens mostly 8, nearly as long as the petals: fr. smooth. May, June. Va. to Fla. and La.—Many garden forms, as var. humilis, Mouillef. (AE. humilis, Lodd. AE. Pavia var. nana, Dipp. AE. Pavia var. péndula, Hort. AE.  
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Aesculus pavia, Linn. (Pavia rubra, Poir. P. Michauxii, Spach). RED BUCKEYE. Shrub or small tree, 4-20 ft.: lfts. oblong or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, smooth or pubescent beneath: panicles 4-7 in. long, loose; fls. purplish to dark red; calyx tubular; petals very dissimilar; stamens mostly 8, nearly as long as the petals: fr. smooth. May, June. Va. to Fla. and La.—Many garden forms, as var. humilis, Mouillef. (AE. humilis, Lodd. A. Pavia var. nana, Dipp. A. Pavia var. péndula, Hort. A. rubra var. hùmilis, Loud.). Low shrub, sometimes prostrate, 2-4 ft.: lfts. coarsely and unequally serrate, slightly pubescent beneath, chiefly along the veins: fls. red; calyx dark red. Var. atrosanguinea, Rehd. Fls. very dark red. Var. sublaciniata, Wats. (Pavia atropurpurea, Spach). Lfts. narrower oblong, deeply serrate: fls. dark red. There are also forms with variegated lvs.
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rubra var. hùmilis, Loud.). Low shrub, sometimes prostrate, 2-4 ft.: lfts. coarsely and unequally serrate, slightly pubescent beneath, chiefly along the veins: fls. red; calyx dark red. Var. atrosanguinea, Rehd. Fls. very dark red. Var. sublaciniata, Wats. (Pavia atropurpurea, Spach). Lfts. narrower oblong, deeply serrate: fls. dark red. There are also forms with variegated lvs.
 
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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| color = IndianRed
 
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Varieties==
 
==Varieties==
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==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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<gallery perrow=5>
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File:Aesculus pavia L. (Dwarf Red Buckeye) Hippocastanaceae (1657458344).jpg| photo 1
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<gallery>
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File:Aesculus pavia8.jpg| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Aesculus pavia var. flavescens PICT0312.JPG| ''flavescens'' variety
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
 
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
 
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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Latest revision as of 21:01, 20 November 2010


Red Buckeye Aesculus pavia Leaf Cluster 2800px.jpg


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Height: ⇕ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15.
Width: ⇔ 10 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Origin: ✈ E USA
Poisonous: ☠ seeds toxic
Bloom: ❀ early summer, mid summer, late summer
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ flowers
USDA Zones: 6 to 10
Sunset Zones: 3-9, 14-24, 30-34
Flower features: ❀ red, pink
Scientific Names

Hippocastanaceae >

Aesculus >

pavia >


Aesculus pavia, known as Red Buckeye or Firecracker Plant, is a species of deciduous flowering plant. The small tree or shrub is native to the southern and eastern parts of the United States, found from Illinois to Virginia in the north and from Texas to Florida in the south.

It has a number of local names, such as scarlet buckeye, woolly buckeye and firecracker plant.

The Red Buckeye is a large shrub or small tree. It reaches a height of 5-8 m, often growing in a multi-stemmed form. Its leaves are opposite, and are usually composed of five elliptical serrated leaflets, each 10-15 cm long. It bears 10-17 cm long clusters of attractive dark red tubular flowers, each in April to May. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The smooth light brown fruits, about 3 cm in diameter, reach maturity in September and October.

There are two varieties:

  • Aesculus pavia var. pavia: typical Red Buckeye.
  • Aesculus pavia var. flavescens: yellow-flowered Red Buckeye.

The yellow-flowered variety, var. flavescens, is found in higher country in Texas, and hybrids with intermediate flower color occur.

The flowers are attractive to hummingbirds as well as bees. The fruits are rich in saponins, which are poisonous to humans, though not particularly dangerous because they are not easily ingested. The oils can be extracted to make soap, though this is not commercially viable.

Ornamental cultivars such as the low-growing 'Humilis' have been selected for garden use.

Red Buckeye has hybridized with Common Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) in cultivation, the hybrid being named Aesculus × carnea, Red Horse-chestnut. The hybrid is a medium-size tree to 20-25 m tall, intermediate between the parent species in most respects, but inheriting the red flower color from A. pavia. It is a popular tree in large gardens and parks, most commonly the selected cultivar 'Briotii'. Hybrids of Red Buckeye with Yellow Buckeye (A. flava) have also been found, and named Aesculus × hybrida.


Read about Red buckeye in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Aesculus pavia, Linn. (Pavia rubra, Poir. P. Michauxii, Spach). RED BUCKEYE. Shrub or small tree, 4-20 ft.: lfts. oblong or elliptical, acute at both ends, finely serrate, smooth or pubescent beneath: panicles 4-7 in. long, loose; fls. purplish to dark red; calyx tubular; petals very dissimilar; stamens mostly 8, nearly as long as the petals: fr. smooth. May, June. Va. to Fla. and La.—Many garden forms, as var. humilis, Mouillef. (AE. humilis, Lodd. A. Pavia var. nana, Dipp. A. Pavia var. péndula, Hort. A. rubra var. hùmilis, Loud.). Low shrub, sometimes prostrate, 2-4 ft.: lfts. coarsely and unequally serrate, slightly pubescent beneath, chiefly along the veins: fls. red; calyx dark red. Var. atrosanguinea, Rehd. Fls. very dark red. Var. sublaciniata, Wats. (Pavia atropurpurea, Spach). Lfts. narrower oblong, deeply serrate: fls. dark red. There are also forms with variegated lvs.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


More information about this species can be found on the genus page.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Varieties

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • flavescens variety

References


External links


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