Difference between revisions of "Aleurites"

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{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Euphorbiaceae
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|genus=Aleurites
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|habit=tree
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|habit_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|lifespan=perennial
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|life_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|features=evergreen, deciduous
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|Temp Metric=°F
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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|image=Upload.png
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|image_width=240
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}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| name = ''LATINNAME''  <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
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| image = Aleuritesmoluccana1web.jpg
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''Aleurites moluccana'' (Candlenut)
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Malpighiales
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| familia = Euphorbiaceae
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| tribus = Aleuritideae
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| subtribus = Aleuritinae
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| genus = Aleurites
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}}
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Aleurites (Greek, farinose or floury). Euphorbiaceae. Tropical trees grown for the oils they yield or sometimes for shade and ornament.
 
Aleurites (Greek, farinose or floury). Euphorbiaceae. Tropical trees grown for the oils they yield or sometimes for shade and ornament.
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A. cordata is a fine smooth-barked tree, good for shade and will stand high temperature, but not much below freezing. A. Fordii is a very ornamental tree.
 
A. cordata is a fine smooth-barked tree, good for shade and will stand high temperature, but not much below freezing. A. Fordii is a very ornamental tree.
  
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The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous. See Circ. 108, U. S. Bu. PI. Ind.
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The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous.
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{{SCH}}
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = ''Aleurites''
 
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| image = Aleuritesmoluccana1web.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = ''Aleurites moluccana'' (Candlenut)
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
 
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| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
 
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| subfamilia = [[Crotonoideae]]
 
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| tribus = [[Aleuritideae]]
 
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| subtribus = [[Aleuritinae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Aleurites'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forst.]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forst.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See section [[Aleurites#Species|Species]].
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
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'''''Aleurites''''' is a small arborescent genus of plants in the tropical and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], the [[Pacific]] and [[South America]], belonging to the Spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]].
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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These monoecious, evergreen [[tree]]s are [[Perennial plant|perennials]] or semi-perennials. These are large trees, 15-40 m tall, with spreading drooping and rising branches.
 
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The [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate, lobate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate with minute stipules. They are pubescent on both sides when young, but in a later stage they become glabrous.
 
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[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana2web.jpg|thumb|left|Candlenut (''Aleurites moluccana'')]]
 
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The [[inflorescence]] consists of terminal plumes of small, creamy white bell-shaped fragrant [[flower]]s, branching from the base. The flowers are usually bisexual, with a solitary pistillate flower at the end of each major axis. The lateral cymes are staminate. There are five or six imbricate petals. The staminate flowers are mostly longer and thinner than the pistillate flowers, with 17-32 glabrous stamens in four whorls. The pistillate flowers have a superior [[ovary (plants)|ovary]].
 
  
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The [[fruit]]s are rather large drupes with a fleshy exocarp and a thin, woody endocarp. They vary in shape, according to the numbers of developed locules. They contain oleiferous [[seed]]s. These seeds are [[poison]]ous.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The oil has been used as a [[paraffin]], lubricant or as a constituent of varnish, paint or soap. It has also been used as baking oil, after removing the poisonous substances.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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Some deciduous [[China|Chinese]] species are now classified under a separate species ''Vernicia''.
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==Species==
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The most widespread species is the [[Candlenut]] (''Aleurites moluccana''), occurring from tropical Asia, the Pacific, from India to China and Polynesia, Australia and New Zealand{{wp}}. Some botanists only recognize two species, ''Aleurites moluccana'' and ''Aleurites rockinghamensis''{{wp}}.
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The name ''Aleurites'' is derived from a [[Greek language|Greek]] word meaning "wheaten flour", because of the appearance of the lower surface of the leaf.
 
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===Species===
 
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The most widespread species is the [[Candlenut]] (''Aleurites moluccana''), occurring from tropical Asia, the Pacific, from India to China and Polynesia, Australia and New Zealand. Some botanists only recognize two species, ''Aleurites moluccana'' and ''Aleurites rockinghamensis''.
 
 
*''[[Aleurites angustifolia]]'' - ([[New Caledonia]])
 
*''[[Aleurites angustifolia]]'' - ([[New Caledonia]])
 
*''[[Aleurites cordata]]'' - ([[China]])
 
*''[[Aleurites cordata]]'' - ([[China]])
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*''[[Aleurites triloba]]'' - ([[Pacific]])
 
*''[[Aleurites triloba]]'' - ([[Pacific]])
  
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[[Image:Aleuritesmoluccana3web.jpg|thumb|200px|Candlenut seedling]]
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
  
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The genus is also known by the [[synonymy|synonym]] ''Camirium'' [[Gaertn.]]
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<gallery>
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Image:Aleuritesmoluccana3web.jpg|Candlenut seedling
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Image:Aleuritesmoluccana2web.jpg|Candlenut (''Aleurites moluccana'')
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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Image:Upload.png| photo 4
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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* Stuppy, W., P.C. van Welzen, P. Klinratana & M.C.T. Posa. 1999. Revision of the genera Aleurites, Reutealis and Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae). ''Blumea'' 44: 73-98.
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Euphorbiaceae]]
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Latest revision as of 04:33, 14 November 2010


Upload.png


Plant Characteristics
Habit   tree

Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Cultivation
Features: ✓ evergreen, deciduous
Scientific Names

Euphorbiaceae >

Aleurites >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!



Aleurites moluccana (Candlenut)


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names

Euphorbiaceae >

Aleurites >



Read about Aleurites in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Aleurites (Greek, farinose or floury). Euphorbiaceae. Tropical trees grown for the oils they yield or sometimes for shade and ornament.

Leaves alternate, palmately veined, 3-5-lobed, the long petioles with 2 glands at the apex: fls. usually monoecious, in lax terminal cymes; sepals 2-3, valvate; petals 5; stamens 8-20, the inner row monadelphous; ovule in each cell of the 2-5-celled ovary: fr. large, drupaceous, with thick-shelled seeds.—Four species, with milky juice, natives of E. Asia and Pacific Isls. Jatropha and Hevea, are related genera.

All of the species are cultivated in tropical countries for the drying oil derived from the seeds. These oils are similar to linseed oil, but dry quicker, harder and more waterproof but less lightproof and elastic. The seeds of A. moluccana yield 60 percent of oil (kekuna, krlun or bankul oil), which is used for burning or in varnishes. The seed or oil is also used to some extent as food and the wood is worked. The tree is grown for shade. It is said to be easily grown in the tropics up to 2000 feet altitude. It is easily propagated from seeds, which sprout in four to five weeks. The oil (wood-oil, tung-oil) of the seeds of the wood-oil trees (A. cordata, A. Fordii) is much used, especially in China and Japan, for treating woodwork, cloth, and the like, and for burning. Its importation to this country is on the increase, where it is used in varnishes and other products, paints, soaps, linoleum, and so on. A. Fordii, which is the hardier species, has been extensively introduced into the southern states by our Department of Agriculture and is reported to be doing very well.

A. cordata is a fine smooth-barked tree, good for shade and will stand high temperature, but not much below freezing. A. Fordii is a very ornamental tree.

The wood-oil trees are usually grown on dry, thin soil not suited to general farming. They are grown from seeds, and begin to produce nuts in three to six years. The seedlings are raised in a bed and transplanted when about a foot high or are planted where they are to stand. They may also be propagated from hardwood cuttings, which root readily. An average tree is said to yield twenty to fifty pounds of nuts with about 24 percent of oil. The oil is pressed from the seed after roasting. The seed is poisonous. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

The most widespread species is the Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), occurring from tropical Asia, the Pacific, from India to China and Polynesia, Australia and New Zealandwp. Some botanists only recognize two species, Aleurites moluccana and Aleurites rockinghamensiswp.

Gallery

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  • Candlenut seedling

  • Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana)

  • photo 3

  • photo 4

References

External links


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