Difference between revisions of "Grammatophyllum"

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| latin_name = ''LATINNAME''   <!--- replace LATINNAME with the actual latin name -->
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| name = ''Grammatophyllum''
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| common_names =    <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Grammatophyllum speciosum - Paxton.jpg
 
| image = Grammatophyllum speciosum - Paxton.jpg
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| image_width = 200px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]''
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| image_caption = Grammatophyllum speciosum
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae  <!--- Kingdom -->
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio =   <!--- Phylum -->
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| classis =   <!--- Class -->
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo =   <!--- Order -->
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| familia =   <!--- Family -->
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
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| genus =  
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| tribus = [[Cymbidieae]]
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| species =  
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| subtribus = [[Cyrtopodiinae]]
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| subspecies =  
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| alliance = [[Cymbidium]]
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| cultivar =  
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| genus = '''''Grammatophyllum'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =  
 
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See text.
 
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Grammatophyllum (Greek, gramma, a line or streak, and phyllon, leaf; probably referring to the parallel leaf-veins). Orchidaceae, tribe Vandeae. A group of perhaps 8 or 9 epiphytic species, of which about half are well-defined, inhabiting the islands from Madagascar to the Philippines and New Guinea. The genus includes some of the largest and showiest of cultivated orchids.
  
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'''''Grammatophyllum''''' Blume, 1825 is a [[genus]] of 11 [[orchid]] [[species]] in tribe [[Cymbidieae]], subtribe [[Cyrtopodiinae]].  
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Roots numerous: sts. or pseudobulbs many-lvd.: lvs. long, ribbon-shaped, thick, evergreen: racemes long- stalked, loosely many-fld., springing from near the base of the pseudobulb; fls. large, not obviously spurred; sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading; lip comparatively small, with margin entirely free, 3-lobed, with erect lateral lobes; column slender. Allied genera are Grammangis and Cymbidium, from both of which Grammatophyllum differs in having the pollen masses each borne upon an appendage of the stalk, while in the two related genera they are attached to a common stalk without special appendages.
  
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The name is derived from the Greek words 'gramma' (letter) and 'phyllon' (leaf), referring to the dark markings in the flower.
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The few species in cultivation are such infrequent bloomers that the flowering of a fine example is something of an event. They are propagated from pieces of the pseudobulbs. The plants are best grown in good sized and well-drained pots filled with peat, and need considerable water while actively growing. They should be allowed to rest occasionally. Season of bloom and further cultural details with each species.
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{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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This [[epiphyte|epiphytic]] genus occurs in dense [[rainforest]] from Indo-China, to [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Guinea]], and SW Pacific islands.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The species produce several racemes, arising from the base of the [[pseudobulb]], with many yellow-green to olive-green, waxy [[flower]]s with dark purplish-red marks. The pseudobulbs are enveloped by sheaths.
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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These are medium-sized to very large orchids, including the [[Giant Orchid]] (''Grammatophyllum speciosum''), believed to be the largest orchid species in existence. Its [[pseudobulb]]s can grow to a length of 2.5 m. Plants can develop into gigantic clusters weighing from several hundred kilograms to one ton! The [[root]]s form spectacular bundles.
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==Species==
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Species{{wp}}:
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*''[[Grammatophyllum elegans]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum fenzlianum]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum kinabaluense]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum martae]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum measuresianum]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum multiflorum]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum rumphianum]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum schmidtianum]]''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum scriptum]]'' : '''Bell Orchid'''
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**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''boweri''
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**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''scriptum''
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*''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]'' : [[Giant Orchid]], Tiger Orchid, Queen of Orchids (Indo-China to Solomon Is.) - type species
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*''[[Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum]]''
  
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The more modest Bell Orchid (''Grammatophyllum scriptum'') is another well-known species, with pseudobulbs of 20cm, from which originate 3 to 4 stout [[leaf|leaves]] with a length of 1 m.
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G. ellisii -, Lindl.=Grammangis ellisii.—G. indeterminale, Hort. G. levictum, Hort.=(T). T.H. Kearney.{{SCH}}
  
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''Grammatophyllum multiflorum'' is one of the longest-blooming orchids in existence: it can be in bloom for nine months. See also ''[[Dendrobium cuthbertsonii]]'', whose flowers have been reported to last up to ten months each.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
  
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''Grammatophyllum'' 'Tiger's paw' is a hybrid from ''G. elegans'' and ''G. fenzlianum''.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
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== Species ==
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==References==
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*''[[Grammatophyllum elegans]]'' (Fiji).
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*''[[Grammatophyllum fenzlianum]]'' (Maluku (Ambon).
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*''[[Grammatophyllum kinabaluense]]'' (N. Borneo).
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*''[[Grammatophyllum martae]]'' (Philippines ) - not validly published
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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*''[[Grammatophyllum measuresianum]]'' (Philippines).
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum multiflorum]]'' (Philippines).
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum rumphianum]]'' (Borneo, Maluku).
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum schmidtianum]]'' (Marianas).
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum scriptum]]'' : '''Bell Orchid''' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific).  
 
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**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''boweri'' (Papuasia to Santa Cruz Is.)Hemicr. or cham.
 
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**''Grammatophyllum scriptum'' var. ''scriptum'' (Malaysia to SW. Pacific). Hemicr. or cham.
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum speciosum]]'' : [[Giant Orchid]], Tiger Orchid, Queen of Orchids (Indo-China to Solomon Is.) - type species
 
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*''[[Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum]]'' (Malaysia to New Guinea).
 
  
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==See also==
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==External links==
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*[[Orchidaceae]]
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*{{wplink}}
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*[[Taxonomy of the Orchid family]]
 
  
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== External link ==
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{{stub}}
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*[http://www.univie.ac.at/HBV/categories.php?cat_id=219 Photos of Grammatophyllum stapeliaeflorum]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
  
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Latest revision as of 20:20, 11 September 2009


Grammatophyllum speciosum


Plant Characteristics
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ ?"?" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property.
Water: ◍ ?"?" is not in the list (wet, moist, moderate, dry, less when dormant) of allowed values for the "Water" property.
Scientific Names



Read about Grammatophyllum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Grammatophyllum (Greek, gramma, a line or streak, and phyllon, leaf; probably referring to the parallel leaf-veins). Orchidaceae, tribe Vandeae. A group of perhaps 8 or 9 epiphytic species, of which about half are well-defined, inhabiting the islands from Madagascar to the Philippines and New Guinea. The genus includes some of the largest and showiest of cultivated orchids.

Roots numerous: sts. or pseudobulbs many-lvd.: lvs. long, ribbon-shaped, thick, evergreen: racemes long- stalked, loosely many-fld., springing from near the base of the pseudobulb; fls. large, not obviously spurred; sepals and petals nearly equal, spreading; lip comparatively small, with margin entirely free, 3-lobed, with erect lateral lobes; column slender. Allied genera are Grammangis and Cymbidium, from both of which Grammatophyllum differs in having the pollen masses each borne upon an appendage of the stalk, while in the two related genera they are attached to a common stalk without special appendages.

The few species in cultivation are such infrequent bloomers that the flowering of a fine example is something of an event. They are propagated from pieces of the pseudobulbs. The plants are best grown in good sized and well-drained pots filled with peat, and need considerable water while actively growing. They should be allowed to rest occasionally. Season of bloom and further cultural details with each species. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Specieswp:

G. ellisii -, Lindl.=Grammangis ellisii.—G. indeterminale, Hort. G. levictum, Hort.=(T). T.H. Kearney.CH

Gallery

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  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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