Difference between revisions of "Green false hellebore"
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
| − | |Min ht metric= | + | |familia=Melanthiaceae |
| + | |genus=Veratrum | ||
| + | |species=viride | ||
| + | |common_name=Green false hellebore | ||
| + | |Min ht box=3 | ||
| + | |Min ht metric=ft | ||
| + | |Max ht box=5 | ||
| + | |Max ht metric=ft | ||
| + | |poisonous=highly toxic, fatal | ||
| + | |lifespan=perennial | ||
| + | |exposure=part-sun | ||
| + | |flower_season=mid summer, late summer | ||
| + | |flowers=yellow | ||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
| − | |image= | + | |min_zone=3 |
| + | |image=Veratrum viride.jpg | ||
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
| + | |image_caption=Green false hellebore | ||
}} | }} | ||
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'''Green false hellebore''' ('''American white hellebore''', '''Bear Corn''', '''Big Hellebore''', '''Devil's Bite''', '''Duck Retten''', '''Indian Poke''', '''Itch-weed''', '''Itchweed''', '''Poor Annie''', and '''Tickleweed'''; ''Veratrum viride'') is a [[perennial plant]] that grows from small [[Wild leek|leek]]-like shoots in the spring to a medium-sized plant with spectacular [[Leaf|leaves]]. It is known for being extremely [[toxic]], and for this reason is considered a pest plant by farmers with livestock. | '''Green false hellebore''' ('''American white hellebore''', '''Bear Corn''', '''Big Hellebore''', '''Devil's Bite''', '''Duck Retten''', '''Indian Poke''', '''Itch-weed''', '''Itchweed''', '''Poor Annie''', and '''Tickleweed'''; ''Veratrum viride'') is a [[perennial plant]] that grows from small [[Wild leek|leek]]-like shoots in the spring to a medium-sized plant with spectacular [[Leaf|leaves]]. It is known for being extremely [[toxic]], and for this reason is considered a pest plant by farmers with livestock. | ||
| − | |||
The adult plant can reach 3 to 5 feet, with even extra length when a floral stem is present. It has a solid white stem with large, broad alternate leaves ending in a short point, heavily ribbed and hairy on the underside. It grows numerous 2 cm lime-green to citrus-yellow [[flower]]s in a large [[inflorescence]]. Rarely goes into flowers. | The adult plant can reach 3 to 5 feet, with even extra length when a floral stem is present. It has a solid white stem with large, broad alternate leaves ending in a short point, heavily ribbed and hairy on the underside. It grows numerous 2 cm lime-green to citrus-yellow [[flower]]s in a large [[inflorescence]]. Rarely goes into flowers. | ||
| − | + | ==Cultivation== | |
| + | The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist or wet soil{{pfaf}}. | ||
| − | + | Requires a deep fertile moisture retentive humus-rich soil{{pfaf200}}. Succeeds in full sun if the soil does not dry out but prefers a position in semi-shade{{pfaf200}}. Dislikes dry soils, preferring to grow in a bog garden{{pfaf42}}. Grows best in a cool woodland garden or a north facing border{{pfaf42}}. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer{{pfaf233}}. Plants are long-lived and can be left in the same position for years without attention{{pfaf233}}. | |
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ===Propagation=== |
| − | + | The plant multiplies through its [[rhizome]] and seeds. | |
| − | The plant | + | Unless stored in damp sand at around 4°c the seed has a short viability{{pfaf200}}. Where possible it is best to sow the seed in a lightly shaded position in the greenhouse as soon as it is ripe{{pfaf200}}. Stored seed needs to be stratified but can be very slow to germinate. Germination can be erratic even for seed sown when it was fresh, it usually takes place within 3 - 12 months at 15°c but can be much longer{{pfaf200}}. The plant produces just one seedleaf in its first year, this forms an over-wintering bulb. It takes up to 10 years for the plant to reach maturity{{pfaf200}}. Sow the seed thinly so there is no need to thin or transplant them, and grow the seedlings on undisturbed in the pot for their first two years of growth. Apply a liquid feed at intervals through the growing season to ensure the plants do not become nutrient deficient. At the end of the second year plant out the dormant plants into individual pots and grow them on in light shade in the greenhouse for a further year or two before planting them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Division in March/April or in October. Establish the plants in pots in a shaded frame before planting them out{{pfaf200}}. Division is best carried out in the autumn because the plants come into growth very early in the spring{{pfaf233}}. Root cuttings, 6mm long with a bud, rooted in a sandy soil in a cold frame{{pfaf200}}. |
| − | == | + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| − | + | ''Veratrum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species. | |
| − | + | ==Species== | |
| + | <!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Gallery== |
| − | + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> | |
| − | + | <gallery> | |
| − | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | |
| − | < | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | * http://www. | + | *[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Veratrum+viride Plants for a future] |
| − | * | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
| − | * | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| − | * | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| − | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | ==External links== | ||
| + | *{{wplink}} | ||
| − | + | {{stub}} | |
| − | + | __NOTOC__ | |
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 18:36, 21 October 2009
| Height: | ⇕ | 3 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 3. to 5 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 5. |
|---|---|---|
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Poisonous: | ☠ | highly toxic, fatal |
| Bloom: | ❀ | mid summer, late summer |
| Exposure: | ☼ | part-sun |
|---|---|---|
| USDA Zones: | 3 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | yellow |
|
Veratrum > |
viride > |
Green false hellebore (American white hellebore, Bear Corn, Big Hellebore, Devil's Bite, Duck Retten, Indian Poke, Itch-weed, Itchweed, Poor Annie, and Tickleweed; Veratrum viride) is a perennial plant that grows from small leek-like shoots in the spring to a medium-sized plant with spectacular leaves. It is known for being extremely toxic, and for this reason is considered a pest plant by farmers with livestock.
The adult plant can reach 3 to 5 feet, with even extra length when a floral stem is present. It has a solid white stem with large, broad alternate leaves ending in a short point, heavily ribbed and hairy on the underside. It grows numerous 2 cm lime-green to citrus-yellow flowers in a large inflorescence. Rarely goes into flowers.
Cultivation
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist or wet soilpf.
Requires a deep fertile moisture retentive humus-rich soilRH. Succeeds in full sun if the soil does not dry out but prefers a position in semi-shadeRH. Dislikes dry soils, preferring to grow in a bog garden42. Grows best in a cool woodland garden or a north facing border42. Members of this genus are rarely if ever troubled by browsing deer233. Plants are long-lived and can be left in the same position for years without attention233.
Propagation
The plant multiplies through its rhizome and seeds.
Unless stored in damp sand at around 4°c the seed has a short viabilityRH. Where possible it is best to sow the seed in a lightly shaded position in the greenhouse as soon as it is ripeRH. Stored seed needs to be stratified but can be very slow to germinate. Germination can be erratic even for seed sown when it was fresh, it usually takes place within 3 - 12 months at 15°c but can be much longerRH. The plant produces just one seedleaf in its first year, this forms an over-wintering bulb. It takes up to 10 years for the plant to reach maturityRH. Sow the seed thinly so there is no need to thin or transplant them, and grow the seedlings on undisturbed in the pot for their first two years of growth. Apply a liquid feed at intervals through the growing season to ensure the plants do not become nutrient deficient. At the end of the second year plant out the dormant plants into individual pots and grow them on in light shade in the greenhouse for a further year or two before planting them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer. Division in March/April or in October. Establish the plants in pots in a shaded frame before planting them outRH. Division is best carried out in the autumn because the plants come into growth very early in the spring233. Root cuttings, 6mm long with a bud, rooted in a sandy soil in a cold frameRH.
Pests and diseases
Veratrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species.
Species
Gallery
If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- Plants for a future
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Green false hellebore. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Green false hellebore QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
