Difference between revisions of "Artocarpus"

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{{Taxobox
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{{SPlantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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|familia=Moraceae
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| name = ''Artocarpus''
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|genus=Artocarpus
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| image = Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
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|Temp Metric=°F
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| image_width = 250px
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|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
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| image_caption = Breadfruit (''Artocarpus communis'')
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|image=Artocarpus.altilis1web.jpg
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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|image_width=180
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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|image_caption=Breadfruit (''Artocarpus communis'')
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
 
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| familia = [[Moraceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Artocarpus'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Johann Reinhold Forster|J.R.Forster]] & [[Georg Forster|G.Forster]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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<center>''See text''</center>
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''''Artocarpus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 trees of Southeast [[Asia]]n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] family, [[Moraceae]].
  
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'''''Artocarpus''''' is a [[genus]] of about 60 trees of Southeast [[Asia]]n origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family [[Moraceae]].
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All ''Artocarpus'' species are laticiferous [[tree]]s or [[shrub]]s whose leaves, twigs and the stem can produce a milky [[sap]].  They are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], with unisexual [[flower]]s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous [[fruit]], which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated [[Leaf|leaves]] vary from small and entire (''[[Artocarpus integer]]'') to large and lobed (''[[Artocarpus altilis]]''). The cordate leaves of ''A. altilis'' end in a long, sharp tip.
  
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This genus is closely related to and rather difficult to distinguish from the genus ''Ficus''.
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Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus altilis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' ([[Marang]]). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.
  
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They are all laticiferous [[tree]]s and a few [[shrub]]s, of which the leaves, the twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap.
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Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical Southeast Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.
  
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The trees are [[Plant sexuality|monoecious]], with unisexual [[flower]]s, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous [[fruit]], which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated [[Leaf|leaves]] vary from small and entire (''Artocarpus integer'') to large and lobed (''Artocarpus communis''). The cordate leaves of ''Artocarpus communis'' end in a long, sharp tip.
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{{Inc|
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Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.
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Leaves alternate, large, thick, entire or pinnate: dioecious; staminate fls. on long spikes, the sepals and stamens 2; pistillate fls. in globular heads, with simple 1-ovuled ovary and bifid stigma: fr. a large fleshy mass or syncarp, formed of the aggregated fls.—A genus of 40 species containing many tropical fr. plants, originally from the E. Indies, sometimes cult. with difficulty in northern botanic gardens for their great economic interest, and throughout the world in the tropics. They need a hot, moist atmosphere, much water, and perfect drainage. Prop, slowly by cuttings of young lateral growth. Bread-fruit seeds are boiled and eaten.
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
  
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Several [[species]] in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: ''Artocarpus communis'' ([[Breadfruit]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ([[Jackfruit]]) and ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' (Marang). In the most recent revision of ''Artocarpus'', the highly variable species ''Artocarpus communis'' contains the following three species of breadfruit : ''Artocarpus altilis'', ''Artocarpus mariannensis'' and ''Artocarpus camansi''.
 
  
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The name 'Artocarpus' is derived from the Greek words 'artos' ( = bread) and 'karpos' ( = fruit). This name was established by [[Johann Reinhold Forster]] and [[Georg Forster|J. Georg Adam Forster]], the father and son team of botanist aboard the HMS ''Resolution'' on [[James Cook]]'s second voyage.
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===Pests and diseases===
  
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Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical SE Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.
 
  
 
==Species==
 
==Species==
 
Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules,  indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
 
Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules,  indicates that there are at least two subgenera in ''Artocarpus'' :
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*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially connate
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*subgenus ''Artocarpus'' : perianth of fruit is partially [[connate]]
 
*subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
 
*subgenus ''Pseudojaca'' : perianth entirely connate.
 
The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.
 
The genus ''Prainea'' is closely allied to the subgenus ''Pseudojaca'', and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of ''Artocarpus''. The following list still follows the traditional line.
  
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[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
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[[Image:Artocarpus.odoratissimus1we.jpg|thumb|250px|Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissimus'')]]
 
*''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus altilis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
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*''[[Artocarpus blancoi]]''
 
*''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus camansi'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
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*''Artocarpus chaplasha'' - Chaplaish [[Bangladesh]]
 
*''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
 
*''Artocarpus communis'' - [[Breadfruit]], Antipolo, Camansi, Anubing; see also [[African Breadfruit]])
 
*''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
 
*''Artocarpus elasticus'' - Bendo
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*''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]  
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*''[[Artocarpus heterophyllus]]'' - Nangka, [[Jackfruit]]  
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*''Artocarpus hirsutus'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
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*''[[Artocarpus hirsutus]]'' - Angily, Angelin, Hirsute Artocarpus
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*''Artocarpus integer'' - [[Cempedak]]
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*''[[Artocarpus hypargyreus]]''
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*''[[Artocarpus integer]]'' - [[Cempedak]]
 
*''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
 
*''Artocarpus lingnanensis''
 
*''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus mariannensis'' - (included in ''A. communis'')
 
*''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
 
*''Artocarpus nitidus'' - Jackfruit
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*''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' - [[Marang]]
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*''[[Artocarpus nobilis]]''
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*''[[Artocarpus odoratissimus]]'' - [[Marang]]
 
*''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
 
*''Artocarpus rigidus'' - Monkey Jack
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*''[[Artocarpus rubrovenus]]''
 
*''Artocarpus tamaran''
 
*''Artocarpus tamaran''
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*''[[Artocarpus treculianus]]''
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==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{commons|Artocarpus}}
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<references/>
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{{wikispecies|Artocarpus}}
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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*[http://www.botany2002.org/section12/abstracts/202.shtml Possible subgenera of Artocarpus]
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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*Nyree Conrad Zerega- Dissertation Topic : Phylogeny of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), with a focus on the systematics, genetics, conservation, and biogeography of breadfruit
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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*Zerega, NJC and TJ Motley. 2001. Artocarpus (Moraceae) molecular phylogeny and the systematics and origins of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. Presented at the Botanical Society of America annual meeting, Albuquerque, NM, August 12 – 16, 2001.  
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Artocarpus]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 01:51, 28 January 2010


Breadfruit (Artocarpus communis)


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Moraceae >

Artocarpus >


If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!


Artocarpus is a genus of about 60 trees of Southeast Asian origin and the Pacific, belonging to the mulberry family, Moraceae.

All Artocarpus species are laticiferous trees or shrubs whose leaves, twigs and the stem can produce a milky sap. They are monoecious, with unisexual flowers, with both sexes on the same plant. The small, greenish, female flowers grow on short, fleshy spikes. After pollination they grow into a syncarpous fruit, which can become very large. The ovary is superior. The stipulated leaves vary from small and entire (Artocarpus integer) to large and lobed (Artocarpus altilis). The cordate leaves of A. altilis end in a long, sharp tip.

Several species in the genus bear edible fruit and are commonly cultivated: Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit), Artocarpus integer (Cempedak), Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) and Artocarpus odoratissimus (Marang). In the most recent revision of Artocarpus, the highly variable species Artocarpus communis contains the following three species of breadfruit : Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus mariannensis and Artocarpus camansi.

Breadfruit and jackfruit are cultivated widely in the tropical Southeast Asia. Other species are cultivated locally for their timber, fruit or edible seeds.


Read about Artocarpus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Artocarpus (arlos, bread, and carpos, fruit). Moraceae. Bread-fruit. Milky-juiced tropical trees, some of them yielding edible fruits, ornamental in foliage.

Leaves alternate, large, thick, entire or pinnate: dioecious; staminate fls. on long spikes, the sepals and stamens 2; pistillate fls. in globular heads, with simple 1-ovuled ovary and bifid stigma: fr. a large fleshy mass or syncarp, formed of the aggregated fls.—A genus of 40 species containing many tropical fr. plants, originally from the E. Indies, sometimes cult. with difficulty in northern botanic gardens for their great economic interest, and throughout the world in the tropics. They need a hot, moist atmosphere, much water, and perfect drainage. Prop, slowly by cuttings of young lateral growth. Bread-fruit seeds are boiled and eaten.


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species

Recent phylogenetic research, based on leaf arrangement, leaf anatomical characters and stipules, indicates that there are at least two subgenera in Artocarpus :

  • subgenus Artocarpus : perianth of fruit is partially connate
  • subgenus Pseudojaca : perianth entirely connate.

The genus Prainea is closely allied to the subgenus Pseudojaca, and some researchers treat it as a third subgenus of Artocarpus. The following list still follows the traditional line.

Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus)

Gallery

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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