Difference between revisions of "Lithocarpus"

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{{SPlantbox
 
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Fagaceae
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|genus=Lithocarpus
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Min ht metric=cm
 
|Temp Metric=°F
 
|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Lithocarpus edulis Nakai leaf acorn.jpg
 
|image_width=240
 
|image_width=240
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|image_caption=Lithocarpus edulis
 
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'''''Lithocarpus''''' is a genus in the [[beech]] family [[Fagaceae]], differing from [[Quercus]] in the erect male spikes. The Kew Checklist (see link below) accepts 334 species, though some other texts suggest as low as 100 species. All but one are native to east and southeast [[Asia]]; the single exception, ''Lithocarpus densiflorus'' ('''[[Tanoak]]'''), being native to western [[North America]] in southwest [[Oregon]] and [[California]]. The Asian species do not have a well-known English vernacular name, though the generic term '''stone oak''' has been proposed.
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Although normally included in ''Lithocarpus'', recent genetic evidence ([http://www.faculty.biol.ttu.edu/cannon/pdfs/manos01.pdf ''Int. J. Plant Sci.'' 162(6): 1361–1379. 2001; pdf file]) suggests that the North American species is only distantly related to Asian species; it may be better transferred to a genus of its own.
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They are [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s with leathery, alternate [[leaf|leaves]], which may be either entire or toothed. The [[seed]] is a [[nut (fruit)|nut]] very similar to an [[oak]] [[acorn]], but with a very hard, woody nut shell (hence the genus name, from Greek ''lithos'', stone, + ''carpos'', seed). The nut kernel is edible in some species (e.g. ''Lithocarpus edulis''), but inedible, and very bitter, in others (e.g. ''L. densiflorus'').
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Several of the species are very attractive ornamental trees, used in [[park]]s and large [[garden]]s in warm temperate and subtropical areas.
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
 
{{Inc|
 
{{Inc|
 
Lithocarpus (literally stone fruit). Fagaceae. The article Pasania (page 2479) is to be referred to this new entry, as Lithocarpus is the older name and is the tenable one under the rules (see note in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. III. 205). Of Lithocarpus the following species are known to be in cult:
 
Lithocarpus (literally stone fruit). Fagaceae. The article Pasania (page 2479) is to be referred to this new entry, as Lithocarpus is the older name and is the tenable one under the rules (see note in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. III. 205). Of Lithocarpus the following species are known to be in cult:
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Lithocarpus thalassica, Rehd. (Pasania thalassica, p. 2479).
 
Lithocarpus thalassica, Rehd. (Pasania thalassica, p. 2479).
 
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
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| name = ''Lithocarpus''
 
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| image = Lithocarpus edulis Nakai leaf acorn.jpg
 
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| image_width = 240px
 
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| image_caption = ''Lithocarpus edulis'', [[Kantō region]], [[Japan]]
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
 
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
 
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| ordo = [[Fagales]]
 
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| familia = [[Fagaceae]]
 
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| genus = '''''Lithocarpus'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision =
 
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See text.
 
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}}
 
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'''''Lithocarpus''''' is a genus in the [[beech]] family [[Fagaceae]], differing from [[Quercus]] in the erect male spikes. The Kew Checklist (see link below) accepts 334 species, though some other texts suggest as low as 100 species. All but one are native to east and southeast [[Asia]]; the single exception, ''Lithocarpus densiflorus'' ('''[[Tanoak]]'''), being native to western [[North America]] in southwest [[Oregon]] and [[California]]. The Asian species do not have a well-known English vernacular name, though the generic term '''stone oak''' has been proposed.
 
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Although normally included in ''Lithocarpus'', recent genetic evidence ([http://www.faculty.biol.ttu.edu/cannon/pdfs/manos01.pdf ''Int. J. Plant Sci.'' 162(6): 1361–1379. 2001; pdf file]) suggests that the North American species is only distantly related to Asian species; it may be better transferred to a genus of its own.
 
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They are [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s with leathery, alternate [[leaf|leaves]], which may be either entire or toothed. The [[seed]] is a [[nut (fruit)|nut]] very similar to an [[oak]] [[acorn]], but with a very hard, woody nut shell (hence the genus name, from Greek ''lithos'', stone, + ''carpos'', seed). The nut kernel is edible in some species (e.g. ''Lithocarpus edulis''), but inedible, and very bitter, in others (e.g. ''L. densiflorus'').
 
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Several of the species are very attractive ornamental trees, used in [[park]]s and large [[garden]]s in warm temperate and subtropical areas.
 
  
 
;Selected species
 
;Selected species
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*''[[Lithocarpus henryi]]'' - Henry's Stone Oak
 
*''[[Lithocarpus henryi]]'' - Henry's Stone Oak
 
*''[[Lithocarpus pachyphyllus]]''
 
*''[[Lithocarpus pachyphyllus]]''
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
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A full list of the species and their synonyms can be seen by entering ''Lithocarpus'' in the search box in the [http://www.kew.org/wcsp/home.do Kew Checklists]. The [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118733 Flora of China Online] includes descriptions of the 123 [[China|Chinese]] species.
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*{{wplink}}
  
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[[Category:Fagaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 21:37, 9 December 2009


Lithocarpus edulis


Plant Characteristics
Cultivation
Scientific Names

Fagaceae >

Lithocarpus >


Lithocarpus is a genus in the beech family Fagaceae, differing from Quercus in the erect male spikes. The Kew Checklist (see link below) accepts 334 species, though some other texts suggest as low as 100 species. All but one are native to east and southeast Asia; the single exception, Lithocarpus densiflorus (Tanoak), being native to western North America in southwest Oregon and California. The Asian species do not have a well-known English vernacular name, though the generic term stone oak has been proposed.

Although normally included in Lithocarpus, recent genetic evidence (Int. J. Plant Sci. 162(6): 1361–1379. 2001; pdf file) suggests that the North American species is only distantly related to Asian species; it may be better transferred to a genus of its own.

They are evergreen trees with leathery, alternate leaves, which may be either entire or toothed. The seed is a nut very similar to an oak acorn, but with a very hard, woody nut shell (hence the genus name, from Greek lithos, stone, + carpos, seed). The nut kernel is edible in some species (e.g. Lithocarpus edulis), but inedible, and very bitter, in others (e.g. L. densiflorus).

Several of the species are very attractive ornamental trees, used in parks and large gardens in warm temperate and subtropical areas.

Cultivation

Propagation

Pests and diseases

Species


Read about Lithocarpus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Lithocarpus (literally stone fruit). Fagaceae. The article Pasania (page 2479) is to be referred to this new entry, as Lithocarpus is the older name and is the tenable one under the rules (see note in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. III. 205). Of Lithocarpus the following species are known to be in cult:

Lithocarpus densiflora, Rehd. (Pasania densiflora, Vol. V, p. 2479).

Lithocarpus cleistocarpa, Rehd. & Wilson (Quercus cleistocarpa, Vol. V, p. 2890).

Lithocarpus cornea, Rehd. (Pasania cornea, Vol V, p. 2479).

Lithocarpus glabra, Rehd. (Pasania glabra, p. 2479).

Lithocarpus henryi, Rehd. & Wilson (Quercus Henryi, p. 2890).

Lithocarpus thalassica, Rehd. (Pasania thalassica, p. 2479).


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Selected species

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


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