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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
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|familia=Caprifoliaceae
|genus=Linnaea
|genus=Linnaea
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|species=borealis
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|common_name=Twinflower
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|habit=shrub
|Min ht metric=cm
|Min ht metric=cm
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
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|image=Upload.png
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|image=Linnaea borealis.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
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For L. floribunda, Braun & Vatke, and other species, see Abelia.
For L. floribunda, Braun & Vatke, and other species, see Abelia.
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}}
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{{Taxobox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = Twinflower
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| image = Linnaea borealis.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| classis = [[Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| ordo = [[Dipsacales]]
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| familia = [[Caprifoliaceae]] (Linnaeaceae)
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| genus = '''''Linnaea'''''
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| genus_authority = [[Jan Frederik Gronovius|Gronov.]]
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| species = '''''L. borealis'''''
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| binomial = ''Linnaea borealis''
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| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
}}
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It has a [[circumpolar]] distribution in moist subarctic to cool temperate [[forest]]s, extending further south at high altitudes in [[mountain]]s, in [[Europe]] south to the [[Alps]], in [[Asia]] south to northern [[Japan]], and North America south to northern [[California]] and [[Arizona]] in the west, and [[Tennessee]] in the [[Appalachian Mountains]] in the east.
It has a [[circumpolar]] distribution in moist subarctic to cool temperate [[forest]]s, extending further south at high altitudes in [[mountain]]s, in [[Europe]] south to the [[Alps]], in [[Asia]] south to northern [[Japan]], and North America south to northern [[California]] and [[Arizona]] in the west, and [[Tennessee]] in the [[Appalachian Mountains]] in the east.
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It is the only species in its genus, but there are three recognised subspecies:
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In [[Great Britain]], the twinflower grows in mainly open [[pine]] woodlands in [[Scotland]] and northernmost [[England]]. [[Forester]]s consider this plant to be an [[indicator species]] of [[ancient woodland]]s, often found in association with [[Creeping Lady's Tresses]]. It is listed as "nationally scarce". It is found in about 50 sites around the country, with most situated in the woods around the [[Cairngorms]]; the southernmost locations are four sites in [[Northumberland]] and one in [[County Durham]]. The sparseness of the sites is responsible for the continued decline of the flower in the country.
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==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
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===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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Linnaea borealis is the only species in its genus, but there are three recognised subspecies:
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''borealis'' - Europe
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''borealis'' - Europe
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''americana'' - North America
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''americana'' - North America
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''longiflora'' - Asia
*''Linnaea borealis'' subsp. ''longiflora'' - Asia
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The flower is the provincial emblem of [[Småland]] in [[Sweden]], Linnaeus' home province.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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In [[Great Britain]], the twinflower grows in mainly open [[pine]] woodlands in [[Scotland]] and northernmost [[England]]. [[Forester]]s consider this plant to be an [[indicator species]] of [[ancient woodland]]s, often found in association with [[Creeping Lady's Tresses]]. It is listed as "nationally scarce". It is found in about 50 sites around the country, with most situated in the woods around the [[Cairngorms]]; the southernmost locations are four sites in [[Northumberland]] and one in [[County Durham]]. The sparseness of the sites is responsible for the continued decline of the flower in the country.
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The twinflower has given its name to the popular Swedish feminine given name Linnéa or ''Linnea'' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|pronounced]] [line:´a]).
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==References==
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*''The Linnaeus Link Project'' in the spring 2005 edition of ''Nature First'', the magazine for [[Natural History Museum]] members.
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*''Species and habitat conservation'' from Plantlife.org.uk [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/html/species_and_conservation/species_and_conservation_bfb_casestudies.htm#twinflower] and [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/html/scotland/Scotland3yearspage2.htm#twinflower]
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* Twinflower species profile [http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.twinflower.html]
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{{Commons|Linnaea borealis}}
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Linnaea_borealis_15030.JPG
Image:Linnaea_borealis_15030.JPG
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</gallery>
</gallery>
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[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]]
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==References==
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[[Category:Alpine flora]]
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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[[Category:Flora of Idaho]]
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<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
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<!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
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<!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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