Difference between revisions of "Caesalpinia spinosa"
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| + | |genus=Caesalpinia | ||
| + | |species=spinosa | ||
| + | |common_name=Tara | ||
| + | |Min ht metric=cm | ||
| + | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
| + | |jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks! | ||
| + | |image=Aca1.jpg | ||
| + | |image_width=240 | ||
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| + | '''''Caesalpinia spinosa''''' (Molina) Kuntze, commonly known as tara, is a small leguminous tree or thorny shrub native to [[Peru]].<ref>All information in article taken from: A. Brack Egg (1999). ''Diccionario Enciclopédico de Plantas Utiles del Perú'' Cusco, Peru: CBC.</ref> ''C. spinosa'' is cultivated as a source of [[tannins]] and also grown as an ornamental plant because of its large colorful flowers and pods. | ||
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| + | ''C. spinosa'' typically grows 2-5 m tall; its bark is dark gray with scattered prickles and hairy twigs. Leaves are alternate, evergreen, lacking [[stipules]], [[bipinnate]], and lacking petiolar and [[rachis]] glands. Leaves consist of 3-10 pairs of primary [[leaflets]] under 8cm in length, and 5-7 pairs of subsessile elliptic secondary leaflets, each about 1.5-4cm long. [[Inflorescences]] are 15-20cm long terminal [[racemes]], many flowered and covered in tiny hairs. Flowers are yellow to orange with 6-7mm [[petals]]; the lowest [[sepal]] is boat-shaped with many long marginal teeth; [[stamens]] are yellow, irregular in length and barely protruding. The fruit is a flat, oblong [[indehiscent]] [[pod]], about 6-12cm long and 2.5cm wide, containing 4-7 round black seeds, and will redden when mature.<ref>E. McClintock (1996). Caesalpinia. ''In'': J.C. Hickman (ed.) The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press.</ref> | ||
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| + | ''C. spinosa'' is native to Peru and can be found growing throughout northern, western and southern South America, from Venezuela to Argentina. It has been introduced in drier parts of Asia, the Middle East and Africa and has become naturalized in California. | ||
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| + | ==Cultivation== | ||
| + | It will grow between 0 and 3,000 meters above sea level, tolerates dry climates and poor soils including those high in sand and rocks. To propagate, seeds must be scarified (pre-treated to break physical dormancy), and young plants should be transplanted to the field at 40cm in height; trees begin to produce after 4-5 years. Mature pods are usually harvested by hand and typically sun dried before processing. If well irrigated, trees can continue to produce for another 80 years, though their highest production is between 15 and 65 years of age. <ref>P. De la Cruz Lapa (2004). An integral and rational utility of tara (''caesalpinia spinosa'' - ''caesalpinia tinctoria'') Rev. Inst. investig. Fac. minas metal cienc. geogr. [online]. jul./dic. 2004, vol.7, no.14 [citado 27 Mayo 2008], p.64-73. <http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-08882004000200009&lng=es&nrm=iso>.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Propagation=== | ||
| + | <!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== | ||
| + | Generally resistant to most pathogens and pests. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Species== | ||
| + | <!-- This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc --> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | ||
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 | ||
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> | ||
| + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> | ||
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==External links== | ||
| + | *{{wplink}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{stub}} | ||
| + | __NOTOC__ | ||
Latest revision as of 01:58, 20 December 2009
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spinosa > |
This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!"This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!" is not in the list (If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!) of allowed values for the "Jump in" property.
Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze, commonly known as tara, is a small leguminous tree or thorny shrub native to Peru.[1] C. spinosa is cultivated as a source of tannins and also grown as an ornamental plant because of its large colorful flowers and pods.
C. spinosa typically grows 2-5 m tall; its bark is dark gray with scattered prickles and hairy twigs. Leaves are alternate, evergreen, lacking stipules, bipinnate, and lacking petiolar and rachis glands. Leaves consist of 3-10 pairs of primary leaflets under 8cm in length, and 5-7 pairs of subsessile elliptic secondary leaflets, each about 1.5-4cm long. Inflorescences are 15-20cm long terminal racemes, many flowered and covered in tiny hairs. Flowers are yellow to orange with 6-7mm petals; the lowest sepal is boat-shaped with many long marginal teeth; stamens are yellow, irregular in length and barely protruding. The fruit is a flat, oblong indehiscent pod, about 6-12cm long and 2.5cm wide, containing 4-7 round black seeds, and will redden when mature.[2]
C. spinosa is native to Peru and can be found growing throughout northern, western and southern South America, from Venezuela to Argentina. It has been introduced in drier parts of Asia, the Middle East and Africa and has become naturalized in California.
Cultivation
It will grow between 0 and 3,000 meters above sea level, tolerates dry climates and poor soils including those high in sand and rocks. To propagate, seeds must be scarified (pre-treated to break physical dormancy), and young plants should be transplanted to the field at 40cm in height; trees begin to produce after 4-5 years. Mature pods are usually harvested by hand and typically sun dried before processing. If well irrigated, trees can continue to produce for another 80 years, though their highest production is between 15 and 65 years of age. [3]
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Generally resistant to most pathogens and pests.
Species
Gallery
If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
External links
- w:Caesalpinia spinosa. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Caesalpinia spinosa QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
- ↑ All information in article taken from: A. Brack Egg (1999). Diccionario Enciclopédico de Plantas Utiles del Perú Cusco, Peru: CBC.
- ↑ E. McClintock (1996). Caesalpinia. In: J.C. Hickman (ed.) The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press.
- ↑ P. De la Cruz Lapa (2004). An integral and rational utility of tara (caesalpinia spinosa - caesalpinia tinctoria) Rev. Inst. investig. Fac. minas metal cienc. geogr. [online]. jul./dic. 2004, vol.7, no.14 [citado 27 Mayo 2008], p.64-73. <http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561-08882004000200009&lng=es&nrm=iso>.
