Difference between revisions of "Hypericum"
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
|familia=Clusiaceae | |familia=Clusiaceae | ||
| + | |genus=Hypericum | ||
|common_name=St. John's Wort, Rose of Sharon, Aaron's Beard | |common_name=St. John's Wort, Rose of Sharon, Aaron's Beard | ||
|Min ht metric=cm | |Min ht metric=cm | ||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
| − | | | + | |image=Hypericum.flower.750pix.jpg |
| − | |||
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
| + | |image_caption=Hypericum calycinum cv. 'Hidcote' | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Hypericum | + | '''''Hypericum''''' is a [[genus]] of about 400 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Clusiaceae]], [[subfamily]] [[Hypericoideae]] (formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae). |
| − | The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's-wort, though they are also commonly just called hypericum, and some are known as tutsan. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in Triadenum. | + | The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from [[tropical]] lowlands, [[deserts]] and [[polar]] regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as '''St. John's-wort''', though they are also commonly just called '''hypericum''', and some are known as '''tutsan'''. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in ''[[Triadenum]]''. |
| − | St. John's-worts vary from annual or perennial herbaceous | + | St. John's-worts vary from [[Annual plant|annual]] or [[perennial]] [[herbaceous]] [[herb]]s 5–10 cm tall to [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s up to 12 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple oval, 1–8 cm long, either [[deciduous]] or evergreen. The [[flower]]s vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5–6 cm in diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The [[fruit]] is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small [[seed]]s; in some species it is fleshy and [[berry]]-like. |
| + | |||
| + | {{Inc| | ||
| + | |||
| + | Hypericum (Hypereikon, ancient Greek name of a plant, of obscure meaning, possibly derived from ereike, heather, with the prefix hypo, beneath). Hy- pericaceae, often united with Guttiferae. St. John's- Wort. Ornamental shrubby or herbaceous plants chiefly grown for their bright yellow flowers; planted in the open; often with interesting foliage and habits. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Deciduous, or sometimes evergreen, usually low shrubs, or herbaceous perennials, rarely annual: lvs. opposite, short-petioled or sessile, entire, dotted with pellucid or opaque glands, without stipules: fls. usually in terminal cymes, less often solitary, sometimes axillary, yellow, rarely pink or purplish; sepals 5, imbricate or valvate, often unequal; petals 5, oblique, convolute in bud; stamens usually numerous, free, or connate at the base into 5 or 3 bundles, rarely as few as 3; ovary superior, with 3-5 parietal placenta;, 1-5-celled; styles 3-5, distinct or united: fr. a septicidal caps., rarely a berry; seeds usually cylindric, many, rarely few.—About 200 species in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, few in the southern hemisphere. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The St. John's worts are exceedingly variable in habit: most species in cultivation are low shrubs, either upright with ascending or spreading branches, or tufted or procumbent; the herbaceous species have often stiff upright wand-like stems or are diffuse or procumbent: the leaves are usually narrow and rather small; the yellow, rarely pink or purplish flowers appear usually in profusion during the summer in terminal clusters, less often solitary, sometimes axillary and forming leafy racemes or panicles; they vary from 1/5 inch to 3 inches in diameter; the capsular fruits are inconspicuous or even unsightly when ripe, only the fruits of the one berry-bearing species are ornamental. Most of the species are tender in the North. H. aureum, H. prolificum, H. lobocarpum, and other American species, also H. calycinum and H. patulum Var. henryi, with some protection, have proved hardy as far north as Massachusetts, and H. kalmianum and H. ascyron are still hardy in Canada. Others like H. patulum, H. hookerianum, H. moserianum, H. chinense can be relied upon only south of New York. H. floribundum is doing well in California and so will probably the other Mediterranean species. | ||
| + | |||
| + | They thrive in any good loamy soil, and also in sandy soil, if sufficiently moist; most of them prefer partly shaded situations and bloom longer if not exposed to the full sun. They arc, as a rule, short lived plants and ought to be renewed when they show signs of exhaustion. The larger kinds are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and form round rather dense bushes when standing alone, while those like H. calycinum, H. buckleii and H. adpressum are suited for low borders or as a ground-cover, particularly H. calycinum which spreads rapidly by suckers. Many of the low tufted or prostrate species enumerated in the supplementary list are handsome plants for rockeries where the more tender species can be so planted as to be easily protected during the winter. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate readily, the shrubby species also by greenwood cuttings under glass in summer; the creeping kinds as H. calycinum and some herbaceous species also by division and suckers. | ||
| + | }} | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> | <!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> | ||
| + | Hypericum are suitable for dry, poor soils. They thrive in sunny positions, although some species such as ''Hypericum calycinum'' will also tolerate shade. | ||
===Propagation=== | ===Propagation=== | ||
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==Species== | ==Species== | ||
| + | Selected species: | ||
| + | [[Image:Estepa.Joana.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum balearicum]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum coris1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum coris]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum ericoides fruto.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum ericoides]]'', fruiting]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum inodorum Magical Passion A.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum inodorum]]'' cv. 'Magical Passion']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum lanceolatum.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum lanceolatum]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Dziurawiec olimpijski Hypericum olympicum 02.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum olympicum]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum pulchrum - top (aka).jpg|thumb|right|[[Slender St. John's-wort]], ''[[Hypericum pulchrum]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum tomentosum0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum tomentosum]]'']] | ||
| + | [[Image:Hypericum uralum 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum uralum]]'']] | ||
| + | <div float="left"> | ||
| + | {{col-begin|width=70%}} | ||
| + | {{col-1-of-2}} | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum acmosepalum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum acostanum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum addingtonii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum adenotrichum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum aegypticum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum anagalloides]]'' – [[Creeping St. John's-wort]], Bog St. John's-wort, Tinker's-penny | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum androsaemum]]'' – [[Tutsan]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum annulatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum aphyllum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum ascyron]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum asplundii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum athoum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum atomarium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum augustinii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum balearicum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum balfourii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum barbatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum beanii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum bellum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum boreale]]'' – [[Northern St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum buckleii]]'' – [[Blue Ridge St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum bupleuroides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'' – [[Great St. John's-wort]], Jerusalem Star, "[[Rose of Sharon]]", "[[Aaron's Beard]]" | ||
| + | ** ''Hypericum calycinum'' cv. 'Hidcote' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum canadense]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Canadian St. John's-wort]], [[Irish St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum canariense]]'' – [[Canary Islands St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum capitatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum cerastoides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum choisianum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum cistifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum concinnum]]'' – [[Goldwire]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum confertum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum cordifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum coris]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum crenulatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum crux-andreae]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum cumulicola]]'' – [[Highlands Scrub Hypericum]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum curvisepalum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum delphicum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum densiflorum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum denticulatum]]''<small> Walt.</small> – [[Coppery St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum dissimulatum]]'' – [[Disguised St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum dyeri]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum eastwoodianum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum elegans]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum ellipticum]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- syn of montanum? --> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum elodes]]'' – [[Marsh Hypericum]]<!-- marsh st. johns wort is also the whole genus Triadenum --> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum elongatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum empetrifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum erectum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum ericoides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum fasciculatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum fieriense]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum foliosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum formosum]]'' – [[Western St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum forrestii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum fragile]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum frondosa]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- -osum? --> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum galioides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum gentianoides]]'' <small>(L.) BSP.</small> – [[Orange-grass St. John's-wort]], [[Pinweed]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum glandulosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum gnidiifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum gramineum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum grandifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum graveolens]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hartwegii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum henryi]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hircinum]]'' – [[Stinking Tutsan]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hirsutum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Hairy St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hookerianum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum humifusum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Trailing St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hypericoides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum hyssopifolium]]'' | ||
| + | {{col-2-of-2}} | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum × inodorum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum japonicum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum kalmianum]]'' – [[Kalm's St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum kamtschaticum]]'' <small>Ledeb.</small> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum kelleri]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum kotschyanum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum kouytchense]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lagarocladum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lancasteri]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lanceolatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lanuginosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum leschenaultii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum linariifolium]]'' – [[Toadflax-leaved St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum linarioides]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum llanganaticum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lobbii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum lobocarpum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum maclarenii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum maculatum]]'' – [[Imperforate St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum maguirei]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum majus]]'' – [[Larger Canadian St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum matangense]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum monogynum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum montanum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Pale St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum montbretii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum × moserianum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum mutilum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Dwarf St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum myricariifolium]]'' <small>Hieron.</small> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum nanum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum nudiflorum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum nummularium]]'' – [[Round-leaved St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum oblongifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum olympicum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum orientale]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum origanifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum pallens]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum patulum]]'' <small>Thunb</small> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum peninsulare]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum perfoliatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum perforatum]]'' – [[Common St. John's-wort]], Perforate St John's-wort, Tipton's Weed, Klamath Weed | ||
| + | ** ''Hypericum perforatum'' cv. 'Anthos' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum prietoi]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum prolificum]]'' – [[Shrubby St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum pseudohenryi]]'' – [[Irish Tutsan]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum pulchrum]]'' – [[Slender St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum punctatum]]'' <small>Lam.</small> – [[Spotted St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum quitense]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum reflexum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum reptans]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum reductum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum revolutum]]'' <small>Vahl</small> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum richeri]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum roeperanum]]'' <small>Schimp. ex A. Rich.</small> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum rumeliacum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum sampsonii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum scopulorum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum scouleri]]'' – [[Western St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum setosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum socotranum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum sphaerocarpum]]'' – [[Roundfruit St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum spruneri]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum stellatum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum subsessile]]''<!-- CurtisBotMag15:92. --> | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum tenuicaule]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum tetrapterum]]'' – [[Square-stalked St. John's-wort]], Square-stemmed St. John's-wort, St. Peter's-wort, Peterwort | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum tomentosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum tortuosum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum trichocaulon]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum triquetrifolium]]'' – [[Curled-leaved St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum undulatum]]'' – [[Wavy St. John's-wort]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum uralum]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum vacciniifolium]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum wilsonii]]'' | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum xylosteifolium]]'' – [[Turkish Tutsan]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Hypericum yakusimense]]'' | ||
| + | {{col-end}} | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| − | + | {{Inc| | |
| − | + | Index: | |
| − | + | adpressum, 17. | |
| − | + | androssaemum, 23. | |
| − | + | ascyron, 1. | |
| − | + | aureum, 14. | |
| − | + | axillare, 12. | |
| − | + | buckleii, 16. | |
| − | + | calycinum, 2. | |
| − | + | cernuum, 3. | |
| − | + | chinense, 4. | |
| − | + | cistifolium, 18. | |
| − | + | densiflorum, 11. | |
| − | + | elatum, 22. | |
| − | + | fastigiatum, 17. | |
| − | + | floribundum, 20. | |
| − | + | foliosum, 13. | |
| − | + | galioides, 12. | |
| − | + | glomeratum, 10. | |
| − | + | grandifolium, 22. | |
| − | + | henryi, 6. | |
| − | + | hircinum, 21. | |
| − | + | hookerianum, 5. | |
| − | + | kalmianum, 9. | |
| − | + | leschrnaultii, 5. | |
| − | + | lobocarpum, S. | |
| − | + | minor, 21. | |
| − | + | monogynum, 4. | |
| − | + | moserianum, 7. | |
| − | + | multiflorum, 22. | |
| − | + | nudiflorum, 15. | |
| − | + | oblongifolium, 3, 5, 6. | |
| − | + | patulum, 6. | |
| − | + | perforatum, 19. | |
| − | + | prolificum, 11, 13, 14. | |
| − | + | pumilum, 21. | |
| − | + | pyramidatum, 1. | |
| − | + | sphaerocarpum, 18. | |
| − | + | tricolor, 7. | |
| − | + | triflorum, 5. | |
| − | + | uralum, 6. | |
| − | + | vilmorinii, 1. | |
| − | + | virginicum, 24. | |
| − | + | webbianum, 22. | |
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| + | H. aegyptiacum. Linn. Dwarf shrub: lvs. crowded, elliptic, acute, ¼ - 1/3 in. long: fls. solitary, axillary. 1/3 – ½ in. across, forming leaf) racemes; styles 3. Medit. region. B.M. 6481. G.C. II. 14:503. B.R. 196.—H. arnoldianum, Rchd. (H. galioides X H. lobocarpum). Similar to H. galioides, but with a many-fld. terminal inn. and several-fld. lateral infl.: caps. 3-5-celled. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. balearicum. Linn. Low upright shrub with the lvs. beneath and the twigs warty: lvs. oval, obtuse, about 1/3 in. long: fla. 1 ½ in. across, solitary, terminal; stylea 5. Medit. region. | ||
| + | B.M. 137.—H. canariense, Linn. Allied to H. floribundum. Shrub, to 15 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, 2-3 in.: flu. 1-1 ½ in. across, in panicles; sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. L.B.C. 10:953.—H. coris, Linn. Procumbent subshrub, 6-8 in. high: lvs narrowly linear, revolute on the margin, about 1 in. long, in whorls of 4-6: fls. ¾ in. across, in few-fld. loose cynics; styles 3. Cent, and S. Eu. B.M. 6503.—H. cuneatum, Poir. Low diffuse subshrub. ½ -l ft. high: lvs. obovate, ¼ -1/3 in. long: fls. ¾ in. across, axillary, slender-stalked, forming leafy racemes. Asia Minor. —H. dawsonianum, Rehd. (H. lobocarpum X H. prolificum). Differs from H. prolificum in the more numerous fls. and the 3-5-celled, furrowed caps. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. dolabriforme, Vent. Procumbent perennial, with ascending sts. 6-20 in. high: lvs. linear-lanceolate, ½ - 1 ½ in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in terminal leafy corymbs. Ky. and Tenn. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:532.— H. elegans, Steph. Upright perennial, ½ -l ft high.: lvs. ovate- lanceolate, ¾ - 1 in. long: fls. ¾ -1 in. across, in terminal panicles; sepals ovate-lanceolate, glandular-ciliate. Cent. Eu. to Altai Mts. R.F.G. 6:360 (5190).—H. elodes, Huds.=H. helodes, Linn.— H. empetrifolium, Willd. Upright shrub, to 1 ft.: lvs. linear, revolute on the margin, ½ - ¾ in. long, in whorls of 3: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in 3-5-fld. cymes forming panicles; sepals broadly oblong. 8. E. Eu., Asia Minor. B.M. 6764. Gn. 30, p. 221.—H fasciculatum. Lam. Allied to G. galioides. Shrub, to 6 ft.: lvs. linear, thick, ½ - ¾ in. long: fls. 1/3 – ½ in. across, in narrow panicles. N. C. to Fla. and Texas.—H. fragile, Heldr. A Sart. Dwarf subshrub: lvs. ovate, imbricate, Kin. long, glaucescent-fls. large, in 3- to many-fld. cymes; sepals linear-lanceolate. Greece.—H. helodes, Linn. Procumbent perennial, with orbicular-ovate, villous lvs. 1/3 – ¾ in. long: fls. pale | ||
| + | goat-like odor. Arching shrub, with strongly 2-edged branchlets: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong. 1 ½ -2 in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in few- fid, dense corymbs. Caucasus.—H. japonicum, Thunb. Decumbent perennial, with ovate or oval 3-nerved lvs. and 4-angled sts.: fls. ¼ in. across, with petals equaling the lanceolate sepals, in terminal cymes. E. Asia to Austral. Scarcely ornamental.—H. lysimachioides. Wall. Slender shrub, with slightly angular arching branchleta: lvs. ovate to ovate-oblong, acute. 1-1 ½ in. long: fls. 1 in. across in loose leafy cymes; sepals linear-lanceolate; styles 5. Himalayas. V.F. 25,—H. montanum, Linn. Perennial: lower lvs. larger, ovate, glabrous: fls. in close compact cymes, often reduced to a head. Cent, and S. Eu.—H. napaulense, Choisy (H. nepalensis, Hort.). Trailing subshrub with ovate to ovate-lanceolate lvs. ½ - ¾ in. long: fls. 1/3 in. across in few-fld. loose cymes. Himalayas.—For H. nepalense, Hort.. see also No. 6.—H. nothum, Rehd. (H. densiflorum X H. kalmianum). Similar to H. densiflorum, but fls. less numerous, lvs. narrower and caps. 3-5-celled, slightly furrowed. Originated at the Arnold Arboretum.—H. nummularium, Linn. Diffuse ascending subshrub: lvs. roundish, 1/3 – ½ in. long: fls. ¾ in. across, in terminal cymes; sepals glandularciliate. Pyrenees. R.F.G. 6:346 (5184).—H. olympicum. Linn. Upright or ascending subshrub, 1 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, grayish green, ½ - 1 ½ long: fls. golden yellow. 1 ½ - 2 ½ in. across, in terminal few-fld. corymbs; sepals large, pointed; petals oblong-obovate. S. E. Eu., Asia Minor. B.M. 1R67. Gn. 31:302.—H. opacum, Ton. & Gray. Allied to H. sphaerocarpum. Subshrub, 1-3 ft.: lvs. oblong-lanceolate, ½ -l in. long: fls. 1/3 in. across, in open corymbs; sepals obtuse: caps, ovoid. S. C. to Fla. and Miss. G.F. 5:305.— H. orientale, Linn. Upright perennial, ½ -l ft.: lvs. obovate-oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, glandular-ciliate, ½ -l in. long: fls. 1 in. across, in small terminal cymes. Asia Minor.—H. polyphyllum, Boiss. Perennial with ascending sts.: lvs. elliptic-linear, glaucous, 1/3 – 1/3 in. long: fls. 1 ½ -2 in. across, in dense terminal cymes. Cilicia.—H. pulchrum, Linn. Allied to H. perforatum. Sts. terete: lvs. ovate, clasping, 1/3 – ½ in. long: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in terminal panicles; sepals glandular-ciliate. Cent. Eu. R.F.G. 6:347 (5185).— H. ramosissimum, Ledeb.=H. inodorum.—H. repens, Linn. Perennial, with prostrate sts.: lvs. oblong or linear-oblong, ¼ - 1/3 in. long: fls. golden yellow, 1 in. across in few-fld. terminal cymes. S. E. Eu.. Asia Minor. S.F.G. 8:775.—H. reptans, Hook. f. 4 Thorns. Prostrate shrub, with rooting sts.: Ivs. elliptic-oblong, ¼ - ½ in. long: fls. cup-shaped, solitary, terminal, 1 ¾ in. across; petals broadly obovate; styles 5. Himalayas. Gn. 24, p. 267; 30. p. 221. —H. salicifolium, Sieb. & Zucc. Allied to H. chinense, but distinguished by the narrower acute lvs., many-fld. corymbs and acute sepals. Japan.—H. splendens. Small. Allied to H. aureum. Shrub, to 5 ft.: lvs. oblong, ¾ -1 in. long: fls. pedicelled, 1 ½ in. across, in several- to many-fld. cymes; stamens orange-colored: caps, with 3 narrow wings. Ga. Seems not yet in cult.; very desirable.—H. tomentosum, Linn. Perennial with ascending sts.: lvs. ovate, woolly, 1/3 - ¾ in. long: fls. ½ - ¾ in. across, in many-fld. corymbs; sepals ciliate. acute. Eu. R.F.G. (1:340 (5183).—H. turgidum, Small. Allied to H. sphaerocarpum. Shrub. 1-2 ft.: lvs. linear-oblanceolate, ½ - 1 in. long: fls. 1 in. across in several-fid, cymes; sepals ovate to elliptic: caps, subglobose, broadest at the top. Ala. | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:34, 6 March 2010
Hypericum is a genus of about 400 species of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae, subfamily Hypericoideae (formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae).
The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's-wort, though they are also commonly just called hypericum, and some are known as tutsan. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in Triadenum.
St. John's-worts vary from annual or perennial herbaceous herbs 5–10 cm tall to shrubs and small trees up to 12 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1–8 cm long, either deciduous or evergreen. The flowers vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5–6 cm in diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The fruit is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small seeds; in some species it is fleshy and berry-like.
Read about Hypericum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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Deciduous, or sometimes evergreen, usually low shrubs, or herbaceous perennials, rarely annual: lvs. opposite, short-petioled or sessile, entire, dotted with pellucid or opaque glands, without stipules: fls. usually in terminal cymes, less often solitary, sometimes axillary, yellow, rarely pink or purplish; sepals 5, imbricate or valvate, often unequal; petals 5, oblique, convolute in bud; stamens usually numerous, free, or connate at the base into 5 or 3 bundles, rarely as few as 3; ovary superior, with 3-5 parietal placenta;, 1-5-celled; styles 3-5, distinct or united: fr. a septicidal caps., rarely a berry; seeds usually cylindric, many, rarely few.—About 200 species in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, few in the southern hemisphere. The St. John's worts are exceedingly variable in habit: most species in cultivation are low shrubs, either upright with ascending or spreading branches, or tufted or procumbent; the herbaceous species have often stiff upright wand-like stems or are diffuse or procumbent: the leaves are usually narrow and rather small; the yellow, rarely pink or purplish flowers appear usually in profusion during the summer in terminal clusters, less often solitary, sometimes axillary and forming leafy racemes or panicles; they vary from 1/5 inch to 3 inches in diameter; the capsular fruits are inconspicuous or even unsightly when ripe, only the fruits of the one berry-bearing species are ornamental. Most of the species are tender in the North. H. aureum, H. prolificum, H. lobocarpum, and other American species, also H. calycinum and H. patulum Var. henryi, with some protection, have proved hardy as far north as Massachusetts, and H. kalmianum and H. ascyron are still hardy in Canada. Others like H. patulum, H. hookerianum, H. moserianum, H. chinense can be relied upon only south of New York. H. floribundum is doing well in California and so will probably the other Mediterranean species. They thrive in any good loamy soil, and also in sandy soil, if sufficiently moist; most of them prefer partly shaded situations and bloom longer if not exposed to the full sun. They arc, as a rule, short lived plants and ought to be renewed when they show signs of exhaustion. The larger kinds are well adapted for borders of shrubberies and form round rather dense bushes when standing alone, while those like H. calycinum, H. buckleii and H. adpressum are suited for low borders or as a ground-cover, particularly H. calycinum which spreads rapidly by suckers. Many of the low tufted or prostrate species enumerated in the supplementary list are handsome plants for rockeries where the more tender species can be so planted as to be easily protected during the winter. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate readily, the shrubby species also by greenwood cuttings under glass in summer; the creeping kinds as H. calycinum and some herbaceous species also by division and suckers.
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Cultivation
Hypericum are suitable for dry, poor soils. They thrive in sunny positions, although some species such as Hypericum calycinum will also tolerate shade.
Propagation
Hypericum can be propagated by seed or cuttings
- Seed - Surface sow between January and May and put in a cold frame. Pre-soaking in distilled water reportedly increases germination rates.
- Cuttings - Take softwood cuttings from tips of current growth in August and use a sandy compost. Place the cuttings in a cold frame.
Pests and diseases
Hypericum is remarkably resilient to pests and diseases. Very occasionally plants may be infected by rust.
Species
Selected species:
Hypericum ericoides, fruiting
Hypericum inodorum cv. 'Magical Passion'
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Read about Hypericum in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
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{{{1}}} The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text. |
Gallery
If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.
photo 1
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References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
- Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
- American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
- Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
External links
- w:Hypericum. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Hypericum QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
