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| − | {{Taxobox | + | __NOTOC__{{Plantbox |
| − | | color = lightgreen
| + | | name = ''Jasminum'' |
| − | | name = ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum'' | + | | common_names = Jasmine |
| − | | image = Jiaogulan.JPG | + | | growth_habit = shrubs & vines |
| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | + | | high = <!--- 1m (3 ft) --> |
| − | | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | + | | wide = <!--- 65cm (25 inches) --> |
| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | + | | origin = temperate/tropical Old World |
| − | | ordo = [[Cucurbitales]] | + | | poisonous = <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous --> |
| − | | familia = [[Cucurbitaceae]] | + | | lifespan = perennial |
| − | | subfamilia = Zanonioideae | + | | exposure = <!--- sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) --> |
| − | | subtribus = Gomphogyninae | + | | water = <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak --> |
| − | | genus = ''[[Gynostemma]]'' | + | | features = flowers, fragrance |
| − | | species = '''''G. pentaphyllum''''' | + | | hardiness = <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc --> |
| − | | binomial = ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum'' | + | | bloom = <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers --> |
| − | | binomial_authority = ([[Thunb.]]) Makino 1902 | + | | usda_zones = <!--- eg. 8-11 --> |
| | + | | sunset_zones = <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available --> |
| | + | | color = IndianRed |
| | + | | image = Jasminum auriculatum (Juhi) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8323.jpg |
| | + | | image_width = 200px |
| | + | | image_caption = Jasminum auriculatum |
| | + | | regnum = Plantae |
| | + | |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |
| | + | |unranked_classis = Eudicots |
| | + | |unranked_ordo = Asterids |
| | + | |ordo = Lamiales |
| | + | |familia = Oleaceae |
| | + | |tribus = Jasmineae |
| | + | |genus = Jasminum |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | [[Image:Jiaogulan.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Baby jiaogulan plants]]
| + | {{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
| − | '''''Gynostemma pentaphyllum''''', also called '''jiaogulan''' ({{zh-cp|c=[[wiktionary:绞|绞]][[wiktionary:股|股]][[wiktionary:蓝|蓝]]|p=jiǎogǔlán}}) is an [[herbaceous]] [[vine]] of the family [[Cucurbitaceae]] ([[cucumber]] or [[gourd]] family) indigenous to the southern reaches of [[China]], southern [[Korea]] and [[Japan]]. Jiaogulan is best known as an [[herbal medicine]] reputed to have powerful [[antioxidant]] and [[adaptogen]]ic effects that increase longevity.
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| − | ==Range==
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| − | Jiaogulan is a vine hardy to [[Hardiness zone|USDA zone]] 8 in which it may grow as a short lived [[perennial plant]]. It can be grown as an annual in most temperate climates, in well-drained soil with full sun. The plant is dioecious, meaning each plant exists either as male or female, thus if seeds are desired both a male and female plant must be grown. Unlike most of the Cucurbitaceae, jiaogulan does not show toxicity.
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | Jiaogulan is consumed primarily as a tea, and is also used as a natural sweetener in [[Japan]]{{fact|date=September 2007}}. It is known as an [[adaptogen]] and [[antioxidant]] and has been found to increase [[superoxide dismutase]] (SOD) which is a powerful endogenous cellular antioxidant. Studies have found it increases the activities of [[macrophage]]s, [[T lymphocytes]] and natural [[killer cells]] and that it acts as a tumor inhibitor.<ref>Liu et. al. "Therapeutic and Tonic effects of Jiaogulan on Leukopenia Patients".</ref> Due to its adaptogenic effects it is frequently referred to as "Southern Ginseng," although it is not closely related to true Panax [[ginseng]]. Its adaptogenic constituents include the [[triterpenoid saponins]] [[gypenoside]]s which are closely structurally related to the [[ginsenoside]]s from the well-known medicinal plant ginseng. It has been shown to lower [[cholesterol]] levels in human studies.<ref>LaCour, Molgaard and Yi. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Lipidaemia. 1995</ref>
| + | ==Cultivation== |
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| | + | | color = IndianRed |
| | + | | name = <!--- type name of plant just to the right of the equal sign on the left --> |
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| | + | {{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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| − | The plant is best known for its use as an [[herbal medicine]] in [[traditional Chinese medicine]], although its inclusion in [[Wu Qi-Jun]]'s 1848 botany book ''Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao Chang Bian'' discusses a few medicinal uses and seems to be the earliest known documentation of the herb. Prior to that, Jiaogulan was cited as a survival food in [[Zu Xio]]'s 1406 book ''Materia Medica for Famine''. Until recently it was a locally known herb used primarily in regions of southern China. It is described by the local inhabitants as the immortality herb, because people within the [[Guizhou]] Province, where jiaogulan tea is drunk regularly, have a history of living to a very old age.<ref name="Winston">[[David Winston]] & Steven Maimes. ''Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief'', Healing Arts Press (2007). Contains a detailed herbal monograph on jiaogulan and highlights health benefits.</ref><ref name="Bensky">Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger, and Andrew Gamble. ''Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition''. Eastland Press 2004</ref> Most research has been done since the 1960s when the Chinese realized that it might be an inexpensive source for adaptogenic compounds, taking pressure off of ginseng stock.
| + | ===Propagation=== |
| | + | {{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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| − | Adaptogenic herbs are nontoxic in normal doses, produce a nonspecific defensive response to stress, and have a normalizing influence on the body. They normalize the [[hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis]] (HPA axis). As defined, adaptogens constitute a new class of natural, homeostatic metabolic regulators.<ref name="Winston"/> However they are also functional at the level of [[allostasis]] which is a more dynamic reaction to long term stress, lacking the fixed reference points of homeostasis.<ref>Robyn Klein (2004). [http://www.rrreading.com/files/Manu%20Allostasis%20and%20Adaptogens.pdf Allostasis Theory and Adaptogenic Plant Remedies]</ref> Jiaogulan is a calming adaptogen which is also useful in formula with [[codonopsis]] for [[jet lag]] and [[altitude sickness]].<ref name="Bensky">Dan Bensky, Steven Clavey, Erich Stoger, and Andrew Gamble. "Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica, Third Edition." Eastland Press 2004</ref>
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| | + | {{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line --> |
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| − | ==Alternate names== | + | ==Species== |
| − | Western languages such as English and German commonly refer to the plant as jiaogulan. Other names include:<ref>[http://www.immortalitea.com/othernames.htm Other Names for Jiaogulan]</ref>
| + | {{Main|List of Jasminum species}} |
| − | *[[Chinese language|Chinese]]: ''xiancao'' ([[wikt:仙|仙]][[wikt:草|草]], literally "immortal grass"; more accurately "herb of immortality") | + | Species include: |
| − | *[[English language|English]]: five-leaf ginseng, poor man's ginseng, miracle grass, fairy herb, sweet tea vine, gospel herb | + | *''[[Jasminum dichotomum]]'' - Gold Coast Jasmine |
| − | *[[Japanese language|Japanese]]: ''amachazuru'' ([[kanji]]: [[wikt:甘|甘]][[wikt:茶|茶]][[wikt:蔓|蔓]]; [[hiragana]]: あまちゃずる; literally ''amacha''=sweet, ''cha''=tea, ''zuru''=vine) | + | *''[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]'' - Spanish Jasmine, Royal Jasmine |
| − | *[[Korean language]]: ''dungkulcha'' (<!-- spelling from Roman-to-Hangui translator: 둥쿠lc하 The following spelling is likely more correct:-->덩굴차) or ''dolwe'' (<!-- 도l웨 The following spelling is likely more correct:-->돌외)
| + | *''[[Jasminum humile]]'' - Italian Yellow Jasmine |
| − | *[[Latin]]: ''Gynostemma pentaphyllum'' or ''Vitis pentaphyllum''
| + | *''[[Jasminum mesnyi]]'' - Japanese Jasmine, Primrose Jasmine, Yellow Jasmine |
| − | *[[Thai language|Thai]]: <!--''baan ja kahn'' is from www.immortalitea.com/othernames.htm but-->''jiaogulan'' (เจียวกู่หลาน) <!-- seems to be an often-used transliteration for "jiaogulan"; can't find "baan ja kahn" on any Thai websites -->
| + | *''[[Jasminum odoratissimum]]'' - Yellow Jasmine |
| − | *[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: ''Giảo cổ lam''
| + | *''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, jasmine, jessamine |
| | + | *''[[Jasminum parkeri]]'' - Dwarf Jasmine |
| | + | *''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' - Arabian Jasmine |
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| − | One U.S.-based company markets jiaogulan under the name "Panta". At least one U.S. company markets jiaogulan under the name "Penta Concentrate" for lowering cholesterol.<ref name="Blumert">{{cite book
| + | ==Gallery== |
| − | | title = Jiaogulan: China's "Immortality Herb" — Unlocking the Secrets of Nature's Powerful Adaptogen and Antioxidant | + | {{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery --> |
| − | | url=http://www.jiaogulan.net/Jiaogulan.htm
| + | |
| − | | edition = | + | <gallery> |
| − | | last = Blumert | + | Image:Jasminum_suavissimum-IMG_0893_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum suavissimum]] |
| − | | first = Michael | + | Image:Jasminum_grandiflorum-spanish_jasmine-IMG_0757_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum grandiflorum]] / Spanish jasmine |
| − | | coauthors = | + | Image:Jasminum_giraldii-IMG_0726_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum giraldii]] |
| − | | year = 1999
| + | Image:Jasminum_grandiflorum-spanish_jasmine-IMG_0758_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum grandiflorum]] / Spanish jasmine |
| − | | publisher = Torchlight Publishing
| + | Image:Jasminum_suavissimum-IMG_0892_hunt07.jpg| [[Jasminum suavissimum]] |
| − | | id = ISBN 978-1887089166
| + | Image:Jasminum diversifolium-IMG 3110 lokrun.jpg| [[Jasminum diversifolium]] |
| − | | pages = }}</ref><ref>Zhang ZH, et al. Propagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by tissue culture. China J Chinese Materia Medica. 1989; 14(6)</ref>
| + | </gallery> |
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | {{reflist}}
| + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
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| | ==External links== | | ==External links== |
| − | *[http://www.aumtea.com/scientific_studies.htm A summary of scientific studies related to the effectiveness of Jiaogulan and gypenosides on a commercial site] | + | *{{wplink}} |
| − | *[http://www.projectgoodlife.com/index.php?page=jiaogulan Jiaogulan, Free Radicals and Anitoxidants]
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| − | *[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/HerbsWho/0,3923,552773|Jiaogulan,00.html Drug Digest presents side-effects and interactions for Gynostemma]
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| − | *[http://www.immortalitea.com/J_history.htm History of Jiaogulan]
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| − | ==Further reading==
| + | {{stub}} |
| − | *Saleeby, J. P. ''[http://www.xlibris.com/wonderherbs Wonder Herbs: A Guide to Three Adaptogens]''. (The third chapter is dedicated to jiaogulan.)
| + | [[Category:Categorize]] |
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| − | [[Category:Cucurbitaceae]]
| + | <!-- in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions! --> |
| − | [[Category:Herbs]]
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| − | [[Category:Chinese folklore]]
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| − | [[Category:Dietary supplements]]
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| − | [[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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| − | [[Category:Sweeteners]]
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| − | [[Category:Traditional Chinese medicine]]
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| − | [[Category:Herbal tea]]
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| − | [[Category:Chinese tea]]
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