Difference between revisions of "Carambola"
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| − | {{ | + | {{Plantbox |
| − | | color = | + | | color = IndianRed |
| + | | common_names = Star Fruit | ||
| + | | growth_habit = [[Tree]] | ||
| + | | high = 30-40 ft. (9-12 m) | ||
| + | | wide = 15-20 ft. (4.7-6 m) | ||
| + | | lifespan = [[Perennial]] | ||
| + | | exposure = Sun | ||
| + | | water = moderate | ||
| + | | features = Fruit | ||
| + | | hardiness = 28F (0 C) | ||
| + | | usda_zones = 9/10 - 11 | ||
| + | | sunset_zones = 23-24, H1, H2 | ||
| name = ''Averrhoa carambola'' | | name = ''Averrhoa carambola'' | ||
| image = Carambola cut.jpg | | image = Carambola cut.jpg | ||
| image_width = 250px | | image_width = 250px | ||
| image_caption = Carambola fruits | | image_caption = Carambola fruits | ||
| − | | regnum = | + | | regnum = Plantae |
| − | | divisio = | + | | divisio = Magnoliophyta |
| − | | classis = | + | | classis = Magnoliopsida |
| − | | ordo = | + | | ordo = Oxalidales |
| − | | familia = | + | | familia = Oxalidaceae |
| − | | genus = | + | | genus = Averrhoa |
| − | | species = | + | | species = carambola |
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}} | }} | ||
[[Image:Averrhoa carambola ARS k5735-7.jpg|thumb|200px|Carambolas still on the tree]] | [[Image:Averrhoa carambola ARS k5735-7.jpg|thumb|200px|Carambolas still on the tree]] | ||
[[Image:Belimbing.jpg|thumb|200px|Belimbing, as it is called in Indonesia]] | [[Image:Belimbing.jpg|thumb|200px|Belimbing, as it is called in Indonesia]] | ||
| − | + | A slow-growing tree, the star fruit is best adapted to warm tropics from sea level to 2000ft, but can be grown elsewhere if the plant is protected from extreme cold. | |
| − | == | + | The '''carambola''' is a species of [[tree]] native to [[Sri Lanka]], [[India]] and [[Indonesia]]. Carambola is closely related to the [[bilimbi]]. |
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| + | ==Cultivation== | ||
The carambola tree has long [[compound leaf|compound leaves]] (up to 50 cm long), pink [[flower]]s that appear either at leaf [[axil]]s or [[branch]] extremities. The tree is densely [[branch]]ed and can reach a height of 5 m. Carambola is one of the rare arboreal members of the [[Oxalidaceae]] family. Unlike most [[tropics|tropical]] trees, the carambola does not need much sunlight. In a container the starfruit does well, except it needs constant moisture, extra sunlight and space to grow. Carambola Tree will fruit in a container. | The carambola tree has long [[compound leaf|compound leaves]] (up to 50 cm long), pink [[flower]]s that appear either at leaf [[axil]]s or [[branch]] extremities. The tree is densely [[branch]]ed and can reach a height of 5 m. Carambola is one of the rare arboreal members of the [[Oxalidaceae]] family. Unlike most [[tropics|tropical]] trees, the carambola does not need much sunlight. In a container the starfruit does well, except it needs constant moisture, extra sunlight and space to grow. Carambola Tree will fruit in a container. | ||
The yield of starfruit is greatly increased by the active foraging of [[pollinator]]s, such as [[honey bee]]s and [[stingless bee]]s | The yield of starfruit is greatly increased by the active foraging of [[pollinator]]s, such as [[honey bee]]s and [[stingless bee]]s | ||
| − | == | + | Both hot/dry and cold winds can severely damage trees and fruit, so adequate windbreaks are suggested for ideal culture. Give the plant full sun, fertilize 4-5 times a year, and provide moderate water throughout the year. Heavy water during flowering may inhibit pollination and fruit production. Star fruit's are susceptible to root rot under wet conditions, but they generally do well with moderate, year-round rainfall. |
| + | |||
| + | ===Propagation=== | ||
| + | Seedling trees usually fruit within 4-6 years, while grafted trees can fruit in under a year. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultivars== | ||
Its fruit, the carambola, more popularly known as '''star fruit''', but also '''coromandel gooseberry''', '''kamranga''', or '''five finger''', is a golden-[[yellow]] to [[green]] [[berry]]. When cut across it shows a 5-pointed (sometimes 6-pointed or 7-pointed) star shape, hence the name, "star fruit." Star fruits are crunchy, and have a slightly tart, acidic, sweet taste, reminiscent of pears, apples, and sometimes grapes. The fruits are a good source of [[vitamin C]]. Its [[seed]]s are small and brown. They consist of a tough outer skin and a tangy white inside. | Its fruit, the carambola, more popularly known as '''star fruit''', but also '''coromandel gooseberry''', '''kamranga''', or '''five finger''', is a golden-[[yellow]] to [[green]] [[berry]]. When cut across it shows a 5-pointed (sometimes 6-pointed or 7-pointed) star shape, hence the name, "star fruit." Star fruits are crunchy, and have a slightly tart, acidic, sweet taste, reminiscent of pears, apples, and sometimes grapes. The fruits are a good source of [[vitamin C]]. Its [[seed]]s are small and brown. They consist of a tough outer skin and a tangy white inside. | ||
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Each has its own origin, flavor and production levels. | Each has its own origin, flavor and production levels. | ||
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==Health Risks== | ==Health Risks== | ||
Individuals with [[kidney]] trouble should avoid consuming the fruit, due to the presence of [[oxalic acid]]. Juice made from carambola can be even more dangerous due to its concentration of the acid. | Individuals with [[kidney]] trouble should avoid consuming the fruit, due to the presence of [[oxalic acid]]. Juice made from carambola can be even more dangerous due to its concentration of the acid. | ||
| − | + | ===Drug Interactions=== | |
| − | ==Drug Interactions== | ||
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Like grapefruit, star fruit is considered to be a potent inhibitor of seven [[cytochrome P450]] isoforms.<ref>[http://www.hktmc.com/ChineseMedia/Magazine/Medicine/ajdmpk/AJDMPK-2006-3/asian6-3(248-261)(DM).doc Abstracts: Metabolism and metabolic enzymes studies for the 8th National Congress on Drug and Xenobiotic Metabolism in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.theannals.com/cgi/content/full/40/7/1472-a Potential Drug-Food Interactions with Pomegranate Juice]</ref> These enzymes are significant in the [[drug metabolism|first pass elimination]] of many medicines, and thus the consumption of star fruit or its juice in combination with certain medications can significantly increase their effective dosage within the body. Research into [[grapefruit]] juice has identified a number of common medications affected, including [[statins]] which are commonly used to treat cardiovascular illness, [[benzodiazepines]] (a tranquilizer family including [[diazepam]]) as well as other medicines.<ref>[http://medicine.iupui.edu/flockhart/table.htm P450 Table]</ref> These interactions can be fatal if an unfortunate confluence of genetic, pharmacological, and lifestyle factors results in, for instance, [[heart failure]], as could occur from the co-ingestion of star fruit or star fruit juice with [[atorvastatin]] (Lipitor). | Like grapefruit, star fruit is considered to be a potent inhibitor of seven [[cytochrome P450]] isoforms.<ref>[http://www.hktmc.com/ChineseMedia/Magazine/Medicine/ajdmpk/AJDMPK-2006-3/asian6-3(248-261)(DM).doc Abstracts: Metabolism and metabolic enzymes studies for the 8th National Congress on Drug and Xenobiotic Metabolism in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.theannals.com/cgi/content/full/40/7/1472-a Potential Drug-Food Interactions with Pomegranate Juice]</ref> These enzymes are significant in the [[drug metabolism|first pass elimination]] of many medicines, and thus the consumption of star fruit or its juice in combination with certain medications can significantly increase their effective dosage within the body. Research into [[grapefruit]] juice has identified a number of common medications affected, including [[statins]] which are commonly used to treat cardiovascular illness, [[benzodiazepines]] (a tranquilizer family including [[diazepam]]) as well as other medicines.<ref>[http://medicine.iupui.edu/flockhart/table.htm P450 Table]</ref> These interactions can be fatal if an unfortunate confluence of genetic, pharmacological, and lifestyle factors results in, for instance, [[heart failure]], as could occur from the co-ingestion of star fruit or star fruit juice with [[atorvastatin]] (Lipitor). | ||
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==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/18/1/120 Intoxication by star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in 32 uraemic patients: treatment and outcome (Oxford journals)] | *[http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/18/1/120 Intoxication by star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in 32 uraemic patients: treatment and outcome (Oxford journals)] | ||
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Revision as of 18:18, 28 November 2008
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | [[Lifespan::Perennial]] |
|---|
| Exposure: | ☼ | Sun"Sun" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property. |
|---|---|---|
| Water: | ◍ | moderate |
| Features: | ✓ | Fruit |
| Sunset Zones: | 23-24, H1, H2 |
|
Averrhoa > |
A slow-growing tree, the star fruit is best adapted to warm tropics from sea level to 2000ft, but can be grown elsewhere if the plant is protected from extreme cold.
The carambola is a species of tree native to Sri Lanka, India and Indonesia. Carambola is closely related to the bilimbi.
Cultivation
The carambola tree has long compound leaves (up to 50 cm long), pink flowers that appear either at leaf axils or branch extremities. The tree is densely branched and can reach a height of 5 m. Carambola is one of the rare arboreal members of the Oxalidaceae family. Unlike most tropical trees, the carambola does not need much sunlight. In a container the starfruit does well, except it needs constant moisture, extra sunlight and space to grow. Carambola Tree will fruit in a container.
The yield of starfruit is greatly increased by the active foraging of pollinators, such as honey bees and stingless bees
Both hot/dry and cold winds can severely damage trees and fruit, so adequate windbreaks are suggested for ideal culture. Give the plant full sun, fertilize 4-5 times a year, and provide moderate water throughout the year. Heavy water during flowering may inhibit pollination and fruit production. Star fruit's are susceptible to root rot under wet conditions, but they generally do well with moderate, year-round rainfall.
Propagation
Seedling trees usually fruit within 4-6 years, while grafted trees can fruit in under a year.
Cultivars
Its fruit, the carambola, more popularly known as star fruit, but also coromandel gooseberry, kamranga, or five finger, is a golden-yellow to green berry. When cut across it shows a 5-pointed (sometimes 6-pointed or 7-pointed) star shape, hence the name, "star fruit." Star fruits are crunchy, and have a slightly tart, acidic, sweet taste, reminiscent of pears, apples, and sometimes grapes. The fruits are a good source of vitamin C. Its seeds are small and brown. They consist of a tough outer skin and a tangy white inside.
There are two varieties of star fruit - acidulate and sweet. The tart varieties can often be identified by their narrowly spaced ribs. The sweet varieties usually have thick fleshy ribs.
The fruit starts out green, and goes to yellow as it ripens, though it can be eaten in both stages.
There are also approximately seventeen different cultivars. These are
- Arkin
- B-2
- B-10
- B-16
- B-17
- Dah Pon
- Demak
- Fwang Tung
- Golden Star
- Hew-1
- Kary
- Maha
- Mih Tao
- Newcomb
- Sri Kembangan
- Star King
- Tean Ma
- Thayer
Each has its own origin, flavor and production levels.
Health Risks
Individuals with kidney trouble should avoid consuming the fruit, due to the presence of oxalic acid. Juice made from carambola can be even more dangerous due to its concentration of the acid.
Drug Interactions
Like grapefruit, star fruit is considered to be a potent inhibitor of seven cytochrome P450 isoforms.[1][2] These enzymes are significant in the first pass elimination of many medicines, and thus the consumption of star fruit or its juice in combination with certain medications can significantly increase their effective dosage within the body. Research into grapefruit juice has identified a number of common medications affected, including statins which are commonly used to treat cardiovascular illness, benzodiazepines (a tranquilizer family including diazepam) as well as other medicines.[3] These interactions can be fatal if an unfortunate confluence of genetic, pharmacological, and lifestyle factors results in, for instance, heart failure, as could occur from the co-ingestion of star fruit or star fruit juice with atorvastatin (Lipitor).
Gallery
New & old leaves
Leaves- both sides
Fruits, leaves & Trunk
Fruit & Trunk
