Difference between revisions of "Trillium sessile"

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|common_name=Toad shade
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|common_name=Toad shade, Toadshade
 
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|features=flowers, foliage
 
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|image_caption=Trillium sessile
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'''''Trillium sessile''''' ('''Toadshade''' or '''Sessile-flowered wake-robin''') is a perennial spring wildflower native to the central part of the eastern [[United States]] and the [[Ozarks]]. It is a small [[trillium]] (rarely over 9&nbsp;cm tall). Toadshade can be distinguished from other trilliums by its single foul smelling, stalkless, [[flower]] nestled in the middle of its three leaves. The three maroon petals, maintain a "closed" posture throughout its presence, the petals are occasionally pale green. The leaves are sometimes, but not always mottled with shades of light and dark green. Its species name comes from the Latin word ''sessilis'' which means low sitting, and refers to its stalkless flower.
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''T. sessile'' is most common in rich moist woods but also can be found in rich [[forest]]s, [[limestone]] woods, [[flood plain]]s, along fence rows. It is persistent under light pasturing.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242102011 Flora of North America: Trillium sessile]</ref> The foul smelling flowers attract its primary [[pollinator]]s, [[Diptera|flies]] and [[Coleoptera|beetle]]s.<ref>[http://www.missouriplants.com/Redopp/Trillium_sessile_page.html Missouri Plants: T. sessile]</ref> The flowers are present from April-June. This plant is clump forming from a thick [[rhizome]]. The above ground parts of the plant die back by mid-summer, but may persist longer in areas that do not completely dry out.
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Trillium sessile, Linn. Strong-growing, 1 ft. or less high: lvs. broadly ovate or rhomboidal, acute, more or less spotted: fls. sessile in the whorl of lvs., small, purple or greenish, the petals narrow and acute. Woods, Pa. to Minn., Ark., and Fla.—Variable. Var. giganteum, H. & A. (var. angustipetalum, Torr.). Similar to var. californicum, but the lvs. somewhat petiolate and the petals narrower. Calif. and Ore. Apparently not in the trade. The forms of T. sessile appear to be the only trilliums native to Calif. except T. ovatum. Var. californicum, Wats. (var. giganteum, Torr.). Much stouter, the lvs. often 6 in. long and spotted, and the petals sometimes 4 in. long: fls. purple, rose-color, or white, the petals rhombic-ovate or narrower. Calif. and Ore. Var. Nuttallii, Wats. (T. viridescens, Nutt.). Lvs. pubescent beneath, as also the upper part of the st.: petals linear-lanceolate, purplish green with brown base. Ark. Var. rubrum, Hort. A form of var. californicum, with fls. deep red-purple. Var. Wrayi, Wats. (T. discolor, Wray). Petals spatulate-obtuse, 1 in. long, greenish. Ga.
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Trillium sessile, Linn. Strong-growing, 1 ft. or less high: lvs. broadly ovate or rhomboidal, acute, more or less spotted: fls. sessile in the whorl of lvs., small, purple or greenish, the petals narrow and acute. Woods, Pa. to Minn., Ark., and Fla. B.M. 40. L.B.C. 9:875. F.S. 22:2311.—Variable. Var. giganteum, H. & A. (var. angustipetalum, Torr.). Similar to var. californicum, but the lvs. somewhat petiolate and the petals narrower. Calif. and Ore. Apparently not in the trade. The forms of T. sessile appear to be the only trilliums native to Calif. except T. ovatum. Var. californicum, Wats. (var. giganteum, Torr.). Fig. 3845. Much stouter, the lvs. often 6 in. long and spotted, and the petals sometimes 4 in. long: fls. purple, rose-color, or white, the petals rhombic-ovate or narrower. Calif. and Ore. G.F.3:321 (adapted in Fig. 3845). Var. Nuttallii, Wats. (T. viridescens, Nutt.). Lvs. pubescent beneath, as also the upper part of the st.: petals linear-lanceolate, purplish green with brown base. Ark. Var. rubrum, Hort. A form of var. californicum, with fls. deep red-purple. Var. Wrayi, Wats. (T. discolor, Wray). Petals spatulate-obtuse, 1 in. long, greenish. Ga. B.M. 3097.
 
 
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Image:Trillium sessile.JPG|Colony of ''T. sessile''
 
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Latest revision as of 16:55, 1 May 2010


Trillium sessile


Plant Characteristics
Habit   herbaceous

Height: ⇕ 12 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12.
Width: ⇔ 12 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12. to 16 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 16.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ part-sun, shade
Features: ✓ flowers, foliage
USDA Zones: 4 to 9
Flower features: ❀ red, pink
Scientific Names

Trilliaceae >

Trillium >

sessile >

L. >


Trillium sessile (Toadshade or Sessile-flowered wake-robin) is a perennial spring wildflower native to the central part of the eastern United States and the Ozarks. It is a small trillium (rarely over 9 cm tall). Toadshade can be distinguished from other trilliums by its single foul smelling, stalkless, flower nestled in the middle of its three leaves. The three maroon petals, maintain a "closed" posture throughout its presence, the petals are occasionally pale green. The leaves are sometimes, but not always mottled with shades of light and dark green. Its species name comes from the Latin word sessilis which means low sitting, and refers to its stalkless flower.

T. sessile is most common in rich moist woods but also can be found in rich forests, limestone woods, flood plains, along fence rows. It is persistent under light pasturing.[1] The foul smelling flowers attract its primary pollinators, flies and beetles.[2] The flowers are present from April-June. This plant is clump forming from a thick rhizome. The above ground parts of the plant die back by mid-summer, but may persist longer in areas that do not completely dry out.


Read about Trillium sessile in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Trillium sessile, Linn. Strong-growing, 1 ft. or less high: lvs. broadly ovate or rhomboidal, acute, more or less spotted: fls. sessile in the whorl of lvs., small, purple or greenish, the petals narrow and acute. Woods, Pa. to Minn., Ark., and Fla.—Variable. Var. giganteum, H. & A. (var. angustipetalum, Torr.). Similar to var. californicum, but the lvs. somewhat petiolate and the petals narrower. Calif. and Ore. Apparently not in the trade. The forms of T. sessile appear to be the only trilliums native to Calif. except T. ovatum. Var. californicum, Wats. (var. giganteum, Torr.). Much stouter, the lvs. often 6 in. long and spotted, and the petals sometimes 4 in. long: fls. purple, rose-color, or white, the petals rhombic-ovate or narrower. Calif. and Ore. Var. Nuttallii, Wats. (T. viridescens, Nutt.). Lvs. pubescent beneath, as also the upper part of the st.: petals linear-lanceolate, purplish green with brown base. Ark. Var. rubrum, Hort. A form of var. californicum, with fls. deep red-purple. Var. Wrayi, Wats. (T. discolor, Wray). Petals spatulate-obtuse, 1 in. long, greenish. Ga. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Gallery

  • Colony of T. sessile

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Flora of North America: Trillium sessile
  2. ↑ Missouri Plants: T. sessile
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