Difference between revisions of "Foeniculum vulgare"
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| − | + | '''Fennel''' (''Foeniculum vulgare''), is a [[plant]] [[species]] in the [[genus]] ''[[Foeniculum]]'' (treated as the sole species in the genus by most [[botany|botanists]]). It is a member of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Apiaceae]] (formerly the Umbelliferae). It is a hardy, [[perennial plant|perennial]], [[umbelliferous]] herb, with yellow [[flower]]s and feathery [[leaf|leaves]]. It is generally considered indigenous to the shores of the [[Mediterranean]], but has become widely naturalised elsewhere (particularly, it seems, areas colonized by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]]<ref>[http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/f/fennel01.html botanical.com - A Modern Herbal | Fennel<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) and may now be found growing wild in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea-coast and on river-banks. | |
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| + | It is a highly [[smell|aromatic]] and [[taste|flavorful]] [[herb]] with [[cookery|culinary]] and [[medicine|medicinal]] uses, and is one of the primary ingredients of [[absinthe]]. '''Florence fennel''' or '''finocchio''' is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base that is used as a vegetable. | ||
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| + | Fennel is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herb]]. It is erect, glaucous green, and grows to heights of up to 2.5 m, with hollow stems. The [[leaf|leaves]] grow up to 40 cm long; they are finely dissected, with the ultimate segments filiform (threadlike), about 0.5 mm wide. (Its leaves are similar to those of [[dill]], but thinner.) The [[flower]]s are produced in terminal compound [[umbel]]s 5–15 cm wide, each umbel section having 20–50 tiny yellow flowers on short pedicels. The [[fruit]] is a dry [[seed]] from 4–10 mm long, half as wide or less, and grooved.<ref name=blamey>Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2</ref> | ||
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| + | Fennel is widely cultivated, both in its native range and elsewhere, for its edible, strongly-flavoured leaves and fruits, which are often mistermed "seeds".<ref name=katzer>Katzer's Spice Pages: [http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Foen_vul.html?noframes Fennel (''Foeniculum vulgare'' Mill.)]</ref> | ||
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| + | Fennel has become [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] along roadsides, in pastures, and in other open sites in many regions, including northern Europe, the [[United States]], southern [[Canada]] and in much of [[Asia]] and [[Australia]]. It propagates well by seed, and is considered an [[invasive species]] and a [[weed]] in Australia and the United States<ref>[http://www.co.thurston.wa.us/tcweeds/weeds/fennel.htm Common Fennel<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> (see [[Santa Cruz Island]]). | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
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==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery perrow=5> | <gallery perrow=5> | ||
| − | Image: | + | Image:Fennel flower heads.jpg| Fennel flowerheads |
| − | + | File:Fenouil.jpg| Florence fennel bulbs | |
| − | + | File:Koeh-148.jpg| photo 3 | |
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 20:45, 29 July 2010
| Habit | herbaceous
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 3 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 3. to 7 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 7. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 18 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 18. to 36 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 36. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial, annual |
| Bloom: | ❀ | early summer, mid summer, late summer |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| Features: | ✓ | flowers |
| USDA Zones: | 5 to 10 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | orange, yellow |
|
Apiaceae > |
vulgare > |
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), is a plant species in the genus Foeniculum (treated as the sole species in the genus by most botanists). It is a member of the family Apiaceae (formerly the Umbelliferae). It is a hardy, perennial, umbelliferous herb, with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is generally considered indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean, but has become widely naturalised elsewhere (particularly, it seems, areas colonized by the Romans[1]) and may now be found growing wild in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea-coast and on river-banks.
It is a highly aromatic and flavorful herb with culinary and medicinal uses, and is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base that is used as a vegetable.
Fennel is a perennial herb. It is erect, glaucous green, and grows to heights of up to 2.5 m, with hollow stems. The leaves grow up to 40 cm long; they are finely dissected, with the ultimate segments filiform (threadlike), about 0.5 mm wide. (Its leaves are similar to those of dill, but thinner.) The flowers are produced in terminal compound umbels 5–15 cm wide, each umbel section having 20–50 tiny yellow flowers on short pedicels. The fruit is a dry seed from 4–10 mm long, half as wide or less, and grooved.[2]
Fennel is widely cultivated, both in its native range and elsewhere, for its edible, strongly-flavoured leaves and fruits, which are often mistermed "seeds".[3]
Fennel has become naturalised along roadsides, in pastures, and in other open sites in many regions, including northern Europe, the United States, southern Canada and in much of Asia and Australia. It propagates well by seed, and is considered an invasive species and a weed in Australia and the United States[4] (see Santa Cruz Island).
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
Fennel flowerheads
Florence fennel bulbs
photo 3
References
- ↑ botanical.com - A Modern Herbal | Fennel
- ↑ Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
- ↑ Katzer's Spice Pages: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
- ↑ Common Fennel
External links
- w:Foeniculum vulgare. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Foeniculum vulgare QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
