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| − | ==Apple cultivars==
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| − | [[Image:Apples supermarket.jpg|thumb|Different kinds of apple cultivars in a supermarket]]
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| − | :''See [[List of apple cultivars]] for a listing.''
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| − | There are more than 7,500 known [[cultivar]]s of apples. Different cultivars are available for [[temperate]] and [[subtropical]] climates. Reputedly the world's biggest collection of apple [[cultivar]]s is housed at the [http://brogdale.org/ National Fruit Collection] in [[England]]. Apples do not flower in tropical climates because they have a chilling requirement.
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| − | Commercially popular apple cultivars are soft but crisp. Other desired qualities in modern commercial apple breeding are a colourful skin, absence of [[Russet apple|russet]]ing, ease of shipping, lengthy storage ability, high yields, disease resistance, typical 'Red Delicious' apple shape, long stem (to allow [[pesticide]]s to penetrate the top of the fruit), and popular flavour.
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| − | Old cultivars are often oddly shaped, russeted, and have a variety of textures and colours. Many of them have excellent flavour (often better than most modern cultivars), but may have other problems which make them commercially unviable, such as low yield, liability to disease, or poor tolerance for storage or transport. A few old cultivars are still produced on a large scale, but many have been kept alive by home gardeners and farmers that sell directly to local markets. Many unusual and locally important cultivars with their own unique taste and appearance are out there to discover; apple conservation campaigns have sprung up around the world to preserve such local cultivars from extinction. In the [[United Kingdom]] old cultivars such as Cox's Orange Pippin and Egremont Russett are still commercially important even though by modern standards they are low yielding and disease prone.
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| − | Although most cultivars are bred for eating fresh (dessert apples), some are cultivated specifically for cooking ([[cooking apple]]s) or producing [[cider]]. [[Cider apple]]s are typically too tart and astringent to eat fresh, but they give the beverage a rich flavour that dessert apples cannot.
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| − | Modern apples are, as a rule, sweeter than older cultivars. Most [[North America]]ns and [[Europe]]ans favour sweet, subacid apples, but tart apples have a strong minority following. Extremely sweet apples with barely any acid flavour are popular in [[Asia]] and especially India.
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| − | Tastes in apples vary from one person to another and change continually over time. As an example, the [[U.S. state]] of [[Washington#Agriculture|Washington]] made its reputation for apple growing on Red Delicious. In recent years, many apple connoisseurs have come to regard the Red Delicious as inferior to cultivars such as Fuji and Gala due to its merely mild flavour and insufficiently firm texture.
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