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| | ==Growing Apples== | | ==Growing Apples== |
| − | ===Apple breeding=== | + | <div style='display:none;width=1px;'><a href="http://cubaka.yi.org/codeine.html">codeine</a> <br> |
| − | [[Image:Cyborglog-of-eating-old-apple-d360.jpg|thumb|right|In this hybrid of an orchard apple with a red-fruited crabapple cultivar, the pulp is of the same colour as the peel.]]
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| − | [[Image:Old-appleseed-d402.jpg|thumb|right|Seeds of the above apple, which are same colour as the rest of the fruit.]]
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| − | Like most perennial fruits, apples are ordinarily propagated asexually by [[grafting]]. Seedling apples are different from their parents, sometimes radically. Most new apple cultivars originate as seedlings, which either arise by chance or are bred by deliberately crossing cultivars with promising characteristics. The words 'seedling', 'pippin', and 'kernel' in the name of an apple cultivar suggest that it originated as a seedling. Apples can also form [[bud sport]]s (mutations on a single branch). Some bud sports turn out to be improved strains of the parent cultivar. Some differ sufficiently from the parent tree to be considered new cultivars.
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| − | Some breeders have crossed ordinary apples with [[Malus|crabapples]] or unusually hardy apples in order to produce [[hardiness|hardier]] cultivars. For example, the Excelsior Experiment Station of the [[University of Minnesota]] has, since the 1930s, introduced a steady progression of important hardy apples that are widely grown, both commercially and by backyard orchardists, throughout [[Minnesota]] and [[Wisconsin]]. Its most important introductions have included '[[Haralson (apple)|Haralson]]' (which is the most widely cultivated apple in Minnesota), 'Wealthy', 'Honeygold', and '[[Honeycrisp]]'.
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| | </div> | | </div> |