Difference between revisions of "Taraxacum officinale"
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
|genus=Taraxacum | |genus=Taraxacum | ||
|species=officinale | |species=officinale | ||
| + | |taxo_author=F.H. Wigg | ||
|common_name=Blowball, Dandelion, Wet-a-bed | |common_name=Blowball, Dandelion, Wet-a-bed | ||
| + | |name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| + | |habit=herbaceous | ||
|Min ht box=10 | |Min ht box=10 | ||
|Min ht metric=in | |Min ht metric=in | ||
|Max ht box=12 | |Max ht box=12 | ||
|Max ht metric=in | |Max ht metric=in | ||
| + | |height_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|Max wd box=8 | |Max wd box=8 | ||
|Max wd metric=in | |Max wd metric=in | ||
| + | |width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| + | |lifespan=perennial | ||
| + | |life_ref=Wikipedia | ||
|exposure=sun | |exposure=sun | ||
| + | |sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
| + | |features=flowers, edible, naturalizes, invasive | ||
|flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer | |flower_season=early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer | ||
|flowers=orange, yellow | |flowers=orange, yellow | ||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
|min_zone=3 | |min_zone=3 | ||
| + | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | ||
|max_zone=10 | |max_zone=10 | ||
| − | + | |image=Koeh-135.jpg | |
| − | |image= | + | |image_width=180 |
| − | |image_width= | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | + | '''''Taraxacum officinale''''', the '''Common Dandelion''' (often simply called '''"[[dandelion]]"'''), is a herbaceous [[perennial plant]] of the family [[Asteraceae]] (Compositae). It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of water ways, and other areas with moist soils. ''T. officinale'' is considered a weedy species, especially in lawns and along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a [[medical herb]] and in food preparation. As a nearly cosmopolitan weed, Dandelion is best known for its yellow flower heads, that turn into round balls of silver tufted fruits, that blow away on the wind. | |
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| − | + | [[Image:Dandelion12.jpg|thumb|right|Ripe fruits]] | |
| − | + | ''Taraxacum officinale'' grows from generally unbranched taproots and produces one to more than ten stems that are typically 5 to 40 cm tall but sometimes up to 70 cm tall. The stems can be tinted purplish, they are upright or lax, and produce flower heads that are held as tall or taller than the foliage. The foliage is upright growing or horizontally orientated, with leaves having narrowly winged petioles or they are unwinged. The stems can be glabrous or are sparsely covered with short hairs. The 5–45 cm long and 1–10 cm wide leaves are oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate in shape with the bases gradually narrowing to the petiole. The leaf margins are typically shallowly lobed to deeply lobed and often lacerate or toothed with sharp or dull teeth. The calyculi (the cup like bracts that hold the florets) is composed of 12 to 18 segments: each segment is reflexed and sometimes glaucous. The lanceolate shaped bractlets are in 2 series with the apices acuminate in shape. The 14 to 25 mm wide involucres are green to dark green or brownish green with the tips dark gray or purplish. The florets number 40 to over 100 per head, having corollas that are yellow or orange-yellow in color. The fruits, which are called cypselae, range in color from olive-green or olive-brown to straw-colored to grayish, they are oblanceoloid in shape and 2 to 3 mm long with slender beaks. The fruits have 4 to 12 ribs that have sharp edges. The silky pappi, which form the parachutes, are white to silver-white in color and around 6 mm wide. Plants typically have 24 or 40 pairs of chromosomes but some plants have 16 or 32 chromosomes.<ref name="efloras.org">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220013281</ref> Plants have milky sap and the leaves are all basal, each flowering stem lacks bracts and has one single flower head. The yellow flower heads lack receptacle bracts and all the flowers, which are called [[floret]]s, are ligulate and bisexual. The fruits are mostly produced by apomixis.<ref name=Morley1969>{{citation | author = Morley, T. I. | year = 1969 | title = Spring Flora of Minnesota | journal = 1974 reprint with minor corrections | publisher = University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MN | pages = 255}}</ref> It blooms from March until October,<ref name="The Wild Flower Key">{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Rose |title=The Wild Flower Key |year=1981 |publisher=Frederick Warne & Co|isbn=0-7232-2419-6 |pages=388,391}}</ref> | |
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| − | + | ==Cultivation== | |
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| − | + | ||
| − | + | ===Propagation=== | |
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| − | + | ===Pests and diseases=== | |
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| − | + | ==Varieties== | |
| − | + | *''Taraxacum officinale'' ssp. ''ceratophorum'' (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thellung which is commonly called Common dandelion, fleshy dandelion, horned dandelion or rough dandelion. It is native to Canada and the western US.<ref>http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAOFC</ref> | |
| − | + | *''Taraxacum officinale'' ssp. ''officinale'' G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, which is commonly called Common dandelion or wandering dandelion. | |
| − | '''''Taraxacum officinale''''' | + | *''Taraxacum officinale'' ssp. ''vulgare ''(Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller, which is commonly called common dandelion. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| − | + | <gallery perrow=5> | |
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 | ||
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
| + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | * | + | <references/> |
| − | * | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| − | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> | |
| − | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> | |
| − | + | ==External links== | |
| − | {{ | + | *{{wplink}} |
| − | + | {{stub}} | |
| − | + | __NOTOC__ | |
| − | |||
Revision as of 17:10, 19 April 2010
| Habit | herbaceous
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 10 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 10. to 12 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 12. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 8 in"in" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 8. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Bloom: | ❀ | early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| Features: | ✓ | flowers, edible, naturalizes, invasive |
| USDA Zones: | 3 to 10 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | orange, yellow |
Taraxacum officinale, the Common Dandelion (often simply called "dandelion"), is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of water ways, and other areas with moist soils. T. officinale is considered a weedy species, especially in lawns and along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a medical herb and in food preparation. As a nearly cosmopolitan weed, Dandelion is best known for its yellow flower heads, that turn into round balls of silver tufted fruits, that blow away on the wind.
Taraxacum officinale grows from generally unbranched taproots and produces one to more than ten stems that are typically 5 to 40 cm tall but sometimes up to 70 cm tall. The stems can be tinted purplish, they are upright or lax, and produce flower heads that are held as tall or taller than the foliage. The foliage is upright growing or horizontally orientated, with leaves having narrowly winged petioles or they are unwinged. The stems can be glabrous or are sparsely covered with short hairs. The 5–45 cm long and 1–10 cm wide leaves are oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate in shape with the bases gradually narrowing to the petiole. The leaf margins are typically shallowly lobed to deeply lobed and often lacerate or toothed with sharp or dull teeth. The calyculi (the cup like bracts that hold the florets) is composed of 12 to 18 segments: each segment is reflexed and sometimes glaucous. The lanceolate shaped bractlets are in 2 series with the apices acuminate in shape. The 14 to 25 mm wide involucres are green to dark green or brownish green with the tips dark gray or purplish. The florets number 40 to over 100 per head, having corollas that are yellow or orange-yellow in color. The fruits, which are called cypselae, range in color from olive-green or olive-brown to straw-colored to grayish, they are oblanceoloid in shape and 2 to 3 mm long with slender beaks. The fruits have 4 to 12 ribs that have sharp edges. The silky pappi, which form the parachutes, are white to silver-white in color and around 6 mm wide. Plants typically have 24 or 40 pairs of chromosomes but some plants have 16 or 32 chromosomes.[1] Plants have milky sap and the leaves are all basal, each flowering stem lacks bracts and has one single flower head. The yellow flower heads lack receptacle bracts and all the flowers, which are called florets, are ligulate and bisexual. The fruits are mostly produced by apomixis.[2] It blooms from March until October,[3]
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
- Taraxacum officinale ssp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thellung which is commonly called Common dandelion, fleshy dandelion, horned dandelion or rough dandelion. It is native to Canada and the western US.[4]
- Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers, which is commonly called Common dandelion or wandering dandelion.
- Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller, which is commonly called common dandelion.
Gallery
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220013281
- ↑ Template:Citation
- ↑ Rose, Francis (1981). The Wild Flower Key. Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 388,391. ISBN 0-7232-2419-6.
- ↑ http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAOFC
External links
- w:Taraxacum officinale. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Taraxacum officinale QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
