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| − | {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | + | {{SPlantbox |
| − | | name = ''Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root)'' | + | |familia=Crassulaceae |
| − | | image = Rhodiola rosea a2.jpg | + | |genus=Rhodiola |
| − | | image_width = 220px | + | |species=rosea |
| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae | + | |taxo_author=L. |
| − | | divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]] | + | |common_name=Rose Root |
| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | + | |habit=cacti-succulent |
| − | | ordo = [[Saxifragales]] | + | |Max ht box=12 |
| − | | familia = [[Crassulaceae]] | + | |Max ht metric=in |
| − | | genus = ''[[Rhodiola]]'' | + | |lifespan=perennial |
| − | | species = '''''R. rosea''''' | + | |exposure=sun, part-sun |
| − | | binomial = ''Rhodiola rosea'' | + | |water=moderate, dry |
| − | | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]] | + | |features=flowers, edible, drought tolerant |
| − | | synonyms = ''Sedum rosea'' <small>(L.) [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]</small><br/>''Sedum rhodiola'' <small>[[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola arctica'' <small>[[Antonina Georgievna Borissova|Boriss.]]</small><br/>''Rhodiola iremelica'' <small>Boriss.</small><br/>''Rhodiola scopolii'' <small>[[Simonk.]]</small><br/>''Sedum scopolii'' <small>Simonk.</small> | + | |flower_season=late spring, early summer |
| | + | |flowers=yellow, purple, brown |
| | + | |Temp Metric=°F |
| | + | |min_zone=2 |
| | + | |max_zone=8.5 |
| | + | |image=Rhodiola rosea a2.jpg |
| | + | |image_width=240 |
| | + | |image_caption=''Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root)'' |
| | }} | | }} |
| | + | '''Rhodiola rosea''' (Golden Root, Roseroot) is a plant in the [[Crassulaceae]] family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the [[Arctic]], the mountains of [[Central Asia]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and the northern or mountainous parts of [[Europe]]. The perennial plant grows in areas up to 2280 meters elevation. Several shoots grow from the same thick root. Shoots reaches 5 to 35 cm in height. Rhodiola rosea is dioecious – having separate female and male plants. |
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| − | {{Commons|Rhodiola rosea}}
| + | ==Cultivation== |
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| − | '''Rhodiola rosea''' (Golden Root, Roseroot) is a plant in the [[Crassulaceae]] family that grows in cold regions of the world. These include much of the [[Arctic]], the mountains of [[Central Asia]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], and mountainous parts of [[Europe]], such as the [[Alps]], [[Pyrenees]], [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Scandinavia]], [[Iceland]], [[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]].
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| − | == Uses of Rhodiola rosea == | + | ===Propagation=== |
| | + | By division, cuttings or seed. |
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| − | Rhodiola rosea is effective for improving [[mood]] and alleviating [[depression (mood)|depression]]. [[Russia]]n research shows that it improves both [[physiology|physical]] and [[mind|mental]] performance, reduces [[Fatigue (physical)|fatigue]], and prevents high-[[altitude sickness]]. In one study, the Rhodiola rosea group decreased proofreading errors by 88% while the control group increased proofreading errors by 84%. Rhodiola rosea's effects are attributed to its ability to optimise [[serotonin]] and [[dopamine]] levels, due to [[monoamine oxidase]] inhibition and to its influence on [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s such as beta-[[endorphins]]. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html Salidroside]</ref>
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
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| − | Substances like these are referred to as [[adaptogen]]s. They differ from stimulants, and do not have the same health consequences as nicotine, etc.
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| − | In Russia, Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root, has been used for centuries to cope with the cold [[Siberia]]n climate and stressful life. It has also been used for centuries in Scandinavia, both by the [[Vikings]] and the [[Sámi]]. Note that Rhodiola is sometimes inappropriately referred to as "Arctic Root®", which is a trademark product name held by the [[Swedish Herbal Institute]] for an extract SHR-5 which contains unique Rhodiola rosea extracts tested in human clinical trials. Publication of a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial shows a significant effect for SHR-5 Rhodiola extract in cases of mild-to-moderate depression. <ref>Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2007 V. 61, No. 5, "SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea and the Treatment of Depression" by V.Darbinyan, G.Aslanyan, E.Amroyan, E.Gabrielyan , C.Malmstro, A.Panossian, The PBM Clinic, Institute of Health Competence, Stockholm-Globen, Sweden</ref>
| + | ==Varieties== |
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| − | == Active ingredients ==
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| − | Rhodiola rosea has some [[Compound (chemistry)|compounds]] which are not found in other Rhodiola species. <ref>MDidea, [http://www.mdidea.com/products/herbextract/salidroside/data.html##03 Specific compounds set Rhodiola rosea apart from other Rhodiola species]</ref> These are:
| + | ==Gallery== |
| − | * rosavin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>20</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>28</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
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| − | * rosarin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>19</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>26</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>10</sub>)
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| − | * rosin ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>15</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>20</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>6</sub>)
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| − | Note that the word ''rosavins'' can be used to include rosavin, rosarin, and rosin. Also, the word ''Rosavin'' is a [[brand|brand name]].
| + | <gallery perrow=5> |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 1 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 |
| | + | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 |
| | + | </gallery> |
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| − | Rosavin, rosarin, rosin and salidroside (and sometimes p-tyrosol, rhodioniside, rhodiolin and rosiridin) are considered the [[active ingredient]]s of Rhodiola rosea.
| + | ==References== |
| | + | <references/> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
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| − | == Dosage == | + | ==External links== |
| | + | *{{wplink}} |
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| − | Rhodiola rosea extract is mainly used in the form of [[Encapsulation (pharmacology)|capsule]]s. These capsules usually contain 100 mg of a standardized amount of 3 percent rosavins and 0.8-1 percent salidroside because the naturally occurring [[ratio]] of these compounds in Rhodiola rosea root is approximately 3:1.
| + | {{stub}} |
| − | | + | __NOTOC__ |
| − | A typical [[Dosing|dosage]] is one or two capsules daily; one in the morning and when taking two capsules one in the early afternoon. Rhodiola rosea should be taken early in the day because it can interfere with [[sleep]]. If a user becomes overly activated, jittery or agitated then a smaller dose with very gradual increases may be needed. It is [[Contraindication|contraindicated]] in excited states.
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| − | The dose may be increased to 200 mg three times a day if needed. A high dose is considered to be daily intakes of 1,000 mg and above.
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| − | == Other adaptogens ==
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| − | * ''[[Panax ginseng]]'' (Panax Ginseng)
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| − | * ''[[Panax quinquefolius]]'' (American Ginseng)
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| − | * ''[[Eleutherococcus senticosus]]'' (Siberian Ginseng)
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| − | == References ==
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| − | {{reflist}} | |
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * Science News Online, [http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070922/bob8.asp Warming to a Cold War Herb]
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| − | * Third Age, [http://www.thirdage.com/ebsco/files/111798.html ThirdAge: Rhodiola rosea]
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| − | * American Botanical Council, [http://content.herbalgram.org/abc/herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2333 Rhodiola rosea: A Phytomedicinal Overview]
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| − | * Whole Health MD, [http://www.wholehealthmd.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=17E09E7CFFF640448FFB0B4FC1B7FEF0&nm=Reference+Library&type=AWHN_Supplements&mod=Supplements&mid=&id=BC6009ED692E4496AB9D44084CC3E746&tier=2 Reference Library]
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| − | * Alternative Medicine, [http://www.alternativemedicine.com/common/news/store_news.asp?task=store_news&SID_store_news=552&storeID=02AD61F001A74B5887D3BD11F6C28169 The Herb that Came In from the Cold]
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| − | '''Critical of effects on mountain sickness'''
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| − | * Wilderness Medical Society, [http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&volume=014&issue=01&page=0009 Lack of Effect of Rhodiola on Hypoxemia and Oxidative Stress]
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| − | * Swedish Medical Center, [http://www.swedish.org/111650.cfm Acute Mountain Sickness]
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| − | [[Category:Crassulaceae]]
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| − | [[Category:Alpine flora]]
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