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Stenotaphrum secundatum (view source)

Revision as of 18:40, 18 June 2010

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|familia=Poaceae
 
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|genus=Stenotaphrum
 
|genus=Stenotaphrum
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|species=secundatum  
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|species=secundatum
 
|common_name=Buffalo grass, Grama, St Augustine grass
 
|common_name=Buffalo grass, Grama, St Augustine grass
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
|name_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
 
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|image_caption=St. Augustine Grass
 
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'''St. Augustine grass''' (''Stenotaphrum secundatum'') (also known as Charleston Grass in South Carolina) is a warm season [[lawn]] [[grass]] that is popular for use in [[tropical]] and [[subtropical]] regions. It is a low to medium maintenance grass that forms a thick, carpetlike lawn, crowding out most [[weed]]s and other grasses.
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St. Augustine is a dark green grass with broad, flat blades. It spreads by above ground [[stolon]]s and forms a dense layer of grass.
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St. Augustine is one of the most shade tolerant warm season grasses, thriving beneath partial shade of large [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s, and structures.
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St. Augustine grass is one type of grass that commonly exists in most [[Caribbean]] and [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] areas. It breeds best in tropical climates. It is often seen in lagoons, marshes, shorelines and wherever there is a good amount of moisture.
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It is native to both sides of the [[Atlantic ocean]],<ref name="hear">http://www.hear.org/pier/species/stenotaphrum_secundatum.htm</ref> including much of the southeastern United States,<ref>http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/node/439</ref><ref>http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=STSE</ref> Mexico,<ref name="hear" /> and Central and South America.<ref name="hear" /> It has escaped cultivation in [[California]],<ref>http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7783</ref> many Pacific islands,<ref name="hear"/> and [[New Zealand]].<ref name="hear"/>
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St. Augustine can grow in a wide range of soil types with 5.0 to 8.5 [[pH]]. St. Augustine grasses will be in full bloom between springtime and summer.
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St. Augustine grasses are popularly used in pastures and ranches. They are also a popular grass covers for home lawns. It rivals the reputation of [[Bermuda grass]], although St. Augustine grasses are somewhat less [[drought]] tolerant.
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{{Inc|
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Stenotaphrum secundatum, Kuntze (S. americanum, Schrank) St. Augustine Grass. Fig. 3687. Flowering branches erect, 6-12 in. high. Var. variegatum, has lvs. striped with white, and is used as a basket-plant. G.W. 15:681 (as S. glabrum). Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 20:42.
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{{SCH}}
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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St Augustine grass produces runners that allow it to grow and spread.
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Only recently has commercially valuable viable seed for St. Augustine become available, so it has typically been propagated by [[Plug (horticulture)|plug]]s, [[sprigging|sprig]]s, or [[sod]]. Once the grasses are [[cultivate]]d, then they can propagate on their own.
    
===Pests and diseases===
 
===Pests and diseases===
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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St. Augustine comes in several varieties:
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*'''Captiva<sup>(R)</sup>'''. Released in 2008. Developed by the University of Florida for its [[Chinch bug]] resistance and dwarf profile which requires less mowing.
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*'''Floratine'''. Released 1959. Darker color, finer texture, tolerated lower temperatures and lower [[mow]]ing.
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*'''Floratam'''. Released 1972. Resists SAD and [[chinch bug]]s. Not as cold- or shade-tolerant.
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*'''Palmetto'''. Released in 1989. Selected for its shade tolerance and cold tolerance.
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*'''Raleigh'''. Released 1980. SAD resistant and shade tolerant, but susceptible to chinch bugs.
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*'''Sapphire'''. Released 2004. Selected from Australia for its dark blue green color and rapid lateral growth.
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*'''Seville'''. Released 1980. Finer texture than Floratam, but shared Floratam's strengths and weaknesses.
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*'''Texas Common'''. May be the original St. Augustine. It has fallen out of favor due to its susceptibility to the incurable [[St. Augustine Decline]] (SAD) virus.
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*'''Variegatum'''.  Has lvs. striped with white, and is used as a basket-plant.{{SCH}}
    
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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<gallery perrow=5>
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File:Starr 070906-8535 Stenotaphrum secundatum.jpg| photo 1
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<gallery>
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File:Starr 080314-3564 Stenotaphrum secundatum.jpg| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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File:Starr 080602-5469 Stenotaphrum secundatum.jpg| photo 3
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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File:Starr 030612-0090 Stenotaphrum secundatum.jpg
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
   
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
    
==References==
 
==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<references/>
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
 
<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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