Difference between revisions of "Swainsona formosa"
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| − | |genus=Swainsona | + | |genus=Swainsona |
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|common_name=Glory pea, Sturt's desert pea | |common_name=Glory pea, Sturt's desert pea | ||
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| − | + | '''Sturt pea''', '''''Swainsona formosa''''', is an [[Australia]]n plant in the genus ''[[Swainsona]]'', named after English botanist [[Isaac Swainson]], famous for its distinctive blood-red leaf-like flowers, each with a bulbous black centre, or "boss". It is one of Australia's best known [[wildflowers]]. It is native to the [[arid]] regions of central and north-western Australia, and its range extends into all mainland Australian states with the exception of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].<ref name=anbg>{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/sa.emblem.html|title=Sturt's Desert Pea - Floral Emblem of South Australia|publisher=Australian National Herbarium|author=Anne Boden|accessdate=2009-07-20}}</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Sturt pea is a member of [[Fabaceae]], subfamily [[Faboideae]]. It has pinnate, grey-green leaves which are arranged spirally on the main axis of the plant, and in two opposite rows (distichous) on lateral stems. Its flowers are so different from its relatives that it is almost unrecognisable as a member of the pea family. The flowers are about 9 centimetres in length and grow in clusters of around half a dozen on thick vertical stalks ([[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]]s), which spring up every 10-15 centimetres along the prostrate stems, which may be up to 2 metres in length. The sexual organs, enclosed by the keel, comprise 10 [[stamens]], of which 9 are joined and 1 is free, and an [[ovary]] topped by a [[Gynoecium|style]] upon which is located the stigma which receives pollen during fertilisation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The plant flowers from spring to summer, particularly after rain. There is a natural pure white form, as well as [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridised]] varieties which can have flowers ranging from blood scarlet, to pink and even pale cream, with variously coloured central bosses. Several tricolour variants have been recorded, including the cultivars ''marginata'' (white keel with red margin, red flag and purple-black boss), ''tricolour'' (white keel, red flag, pink boss), and ''elegans'' (white flag and keel, both with red margins). Flowers are bird-pollinated in the wild.<ref name="Symon and Jusaitis" /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The fruit is a [[legume]], about 5 centimetres long, and each yields 50 or more flat, kidney-shaped seeds at maturity | ||
| + | |||
| + | Most forms of the plant are low-growing or prostrate, however in the [[Pilbara]] region of north-western Australia varieties growing as tall as 2 [[metre]]s have been observed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://farrer.csu.edu.au/ASGAP/s-formos.html|work=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) - ANPSA|title=Swainsona formosa|date=1 March 2008|accessdate=2009-07-20}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Generally considered to be a short-lived [[Annual plant|annual]], it has been known to persist as a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] if conditions are favourable. If the roots are left undisturbed, flowering may resume in the next season. | ||
| + | |||
| + | It is well adapted to life as a desert plant. The small seeds have a long viability, and can germinate after many years. Seeds have a hard seed coat, which protects them from harsh arid environments until the next rainfall, but inhibits germination in normal domestic environments. Growers can overcome this dormancy either by nicking the seed coat away from the 'eye' of the seed, by rubbing the seed gently between pieces of sandpaper, or by placing the seed in hot (just off-boiling) water and leaving it to soak overnight.<ref name="Symon and Jusaitis" /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Once germinated, seedlings quickly establish a deep [[taproot]], vital for desert survival. This means that if domestically grown, they should either be planted in their intended final location, transplanted as soon as possible after germination, or grafted as a seedling on to a different root such as the [[bladder senna]], ''Colutea arborescens''. They do not tolerate disturbance of their roots but, once established in well-drained soil, require little and infrequent watering, and can withstand extreme heat and sunshine, as well as light frosts. | ||
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
| Line 48: | Line 62: | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery perrow=5> | <gallery perrow=5> | ||
| − | + | File:P4230146.JPG| photo 1 | |
Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | Image:Upload.png| photo 2 | ||
Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | Image:Upload.png| photo 3 | ||
Latest revision as of 18:29, 22 June 2010
| Habit | shrub
| |
|---|---|---|
| Height: | ⇕ | 3 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 3. to 4 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 4. |
| Width: | ⇔ | 3 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 3. to 7 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 7. |
| Lifespan: | ⌛ | perennial |
| Bloom: | ❀ | early spring, mid spring, late spring, early summer, mid summer, late summer, early winter, mid winter, late winter |
| Exposure: | ☼ | sun |
|---|---|---|
| Features: | ✓ | flowers |
| USDA Zones: | 9 to 11 | |
| Flower features: | ❀ | red, pink |
|
Fabaceae > |
formosa > |
Sturt pea, Swainsona formosa, is an Australian plant in the genus Swainsona, named after English botanist Isaac Swainson, famous for its distinctive blood-red leaf-like flowers, each with a bulbous black centre, or "boss". It is one of Australia's best known wildflowers. It is native to the arid regions of central and north-western Australia, and its range extends into all mainland Australian states with the exception of Victoria.[1]
Sturt pea is a member of Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It has pinnate, grey-green leaves which are arranged spirally on the main axis of the plant, and in two opposite rows (distichous) on lateral stems. Its flowers are so different from its relatives that it is almost unrecognisable as a member of the pea family. The flowers are about 9 centimetres in length and grow in clusters of around half a dozen on thick vertical stalks (peduncles), which spring up every 10-15 centimetres along the prostrate stems, which may be up to 2 metres in length. The sexual organs, enclosed by the keel, comprise 10 stamens, of which 9 are joined and 1 is free, and an ovary topped by a style upon which is located the stigma which receives pollen during fertilisation.
The plant flowers from spring to summer, particularly after rain. There is a natural pure white form, as well as hybridised varieties which can have flowers ranging from blood scarlet, to pink and even pale cream, with variously coloured central bosses. Several tricolour variants have been recorded, including the cultivars marginata (white keel with red margin, red flag and purple-black boss), tricolour (white keel, red flag, pink boss), and elegans (white flag and keel, both with red margins). Flowers are bird-pollinated in the wild.[2]
The fruit is a legume, about 5 centimetres long, and each yields 50 or more flat, kidney-shaped seeds at maturity
Most forms of the plant are low-growing or prostrate, however in the Pilbara region of north-western Australia varieties growing as tall as 2 metres have been observed.[3]
Generally considered to be a short-lived annual, it has been known to persist as a perennial if conditions are favourable. If the roots are left undisturbed, flowering may resume in the next season.
It is well adapted to life as a desert plant. The small seeds have a long viability, and can germinate after many years. Seeds have a hard seed coat, which protects them from harsh arid environments until the next rainfall, but inhibits germination in normal domestic environments. Growers can overcome this dormancy either by nicking the seed coat away from the 'eye' of the seed, by rubbing the seed gently between pieces of sandpaper, or by placing the seed in hot (just off-boiling) water and leaving it to soak overnight.[2]
Once germinated, seedlings quickly establish a deep taproot, vital for desert survival. This means that if domestically grown, they should either be planted in their intended final location, transplanted as soon as possible after germination, or grafted as a seedling on to a different root such as the bladder senna, Colutea arborescens. They do not tolerate disturbance of their roots but, once established in well-drained soil, require little and infrequent watering, and can withstand extreme heat and sunshine, as well as light frosts.
Cultivation
Propagation
Pests and diseases
Varieties
Gallery
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- ↑ Anne Boden. "Sturt's Desert Pea - Floral Emblem of South Australia". Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved on 2009-07-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSymon and Jusaitis - ↑ "Swainsona formosa". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) - ANPSA (1 March 2008). Retrieved on 2009-07-20.
External links
- w:Swainsona formosa. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Swainsona formosa QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
