Difference between revisions of "Forsythia × intermedia"

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|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia ISBN 0881925381
 
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'''''Forsythia''''' '''×''' '''''intermedia'''''  ('''Border Forsythia''')<ref name=Dirr>{{cite book|author=Dirr, Michael A.| title=Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs - An Illustrated Encyclopedia| publisher=Timber Press|page=58 | year=1997 | id=ISBN 0-88192-404-0|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CmKi3t5qZe4C&pg=PA158&dq=Forsythia%20xintermedia| accessdate=2009-06-02}}</ref>is an ornamental deciduous [[shrub]] of garden origin.
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The shrub has an upright habit with arching branches and grows to 3 to 4 metres high.<ref name=Rowell>{{cite book|author=Rowell, Raymond J.| title=Ornamental Flowering Trees in Australia| publisher=AH & AW Reed Pty Ltd|location=Australia | year=1980 | id=ISBN 0-589-50178-X}}</ref>  The opposite leaves turn yellowish or occasionally purplish in the autumn before falling.<ref name=NYSU>{{cite web|title=''Forsythia x intermedia''|work=Plant fact sheets | publisher= NC State University | url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/shrubs/forsythia_xintermedia.html|accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref> The usually pale-yellow flowers are produced on one- to two-year-old growth and may be solitary or in racemes from 2 to 6.<ref name = Rowell/>  
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The hybrid is thought to be a cross between ''[[Forsythia viridissima]]'' and [[Forsythia suspensa|''F. suspensa'' var.''fortunei'']].<ref name=INRA/>
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Forsythia intermedia, Zabel (F. suspensa x F. viridissima,). Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches: lvs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate, usually coarsely serrate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost like those of F. suspensa var. Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182; 40, p. 397. Gn.W. 22:181. Var. vitellina, Koehne (F. vitellina, Koehne). With upright or spreading branches: fls. deep yellow, little over 1 in. long. Var. spectabilis, Spaeth (F. spectdbilis, Koehne). Upright with spreading and somewhat arching branches: fls. somewhat paler than of the preceding, 1 1/3 in. long, often 5-6-merous. Var. densiflora. Koehne (F. densiflora, Koehne). Upright shrub with divaricately spreading and slender arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, rather pale with flat slightly recurved corolla-lobes. Gt. 55, pp. 230, 231. Var. primulina, Rehd. Upright shrub, with spreading and arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, pale yellow; lobes of the corolla revolute at the margin.—F. intermedia is often confounded with forms of F. suspensa. In foliage it resembles much the following, which has the lvs. narrower, always simple, usually serrate only above the middle, with smaller teeth. It is as hardy as F. suspensa and very floriferous.
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Forsythia intermedia, Zabel (F. suspensa x F. viridissima,). Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches: lvs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate, usually coarsely serrate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost like those of F. suspensa var. Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182; 40, p. 397. Gn.W. 22:181. Var. vitellina, Koehne (F. vitellina, Koehne). With upright or spreading branches: fls. deep yellow, little over 1 in. long. Gt. 55, pp. 227, 228. Var. spectabilis, Spaeth (F. spectdbilis, Koehne). Upright with spreading and somewhat arching branches: fls. somewhat paler than of the preceding, 1 1/3 in. long, often 5-6-merous. Gt. 55, p. 229. G. 35: 255. Var. densiflora. Koehne (F. densiflora, Koehne). Upright shrub with divaricately spreading and slender arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, rather pale with flat slightly recurved corolla-lobes. Gt. 55, pp. 230, 231. Var. primulina, Rehd. Upright shrub, with spreading and arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, pale yellow; lobes of the corolla revolute at the margin.—F. intermedia is often confounded with forms of F. suspensa. In foliage it resembles much the following, which has the lvs. narrower, always simple, usually serrate only above the middle, with smaller teeth. It is as hardy as F. suspensa and very floriferous.
 
 
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==Cultivation==
 
==Cultivation==
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The hybrid is best suited to a position with full sun or partial shade and is drought-tolerant.<ref name=NYSU/> Like some other [[forsythia]]s, it is one of the earliest or even the earliest shrub to [[bloom]] in [[humid continental climate]], well adapted to temperature changes, blooms with bright yellow flowers, that are noticeable even in [[twilight]]. This makes forsythias widely cultivated in gardens, parks and various green parts of European towns, with ''Forsythia x intermedia'' hybrid being the most popular among forsythias.
  
 
===Propagation===
 
===Propagation===
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==Species==
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==Varieties==
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<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->
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[[Cultivar]]s include:
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*'Arnold Dwarf' - low-growing with pale yellow flowers<ref name=NYSU/>
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*'Beatrix Farrand' - a particularly floriferous cultivar<ref name=NYSU/>
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*'Gold Tide' ('Courtasol') - floriferous, with deep yellow autumn colour<ref name=NYSU/>
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*'Lynwood' - large flowers with broad petals<ref name=Rowell/>
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*'[[Karl Sax]]' - deep yellow flowers with  orange lines in the thoat. Introduced by the Arnold Arboretum in 1960.<ref name=Rowell/>
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*'Spectabilis'<ref name=Rowell/>
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*'Spring Glory' -  purple-tinged foliage in autumn<ref name=NYSU/>
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*'Variegata' - leaves with contrasting cream edges<ref name=NYSU/>
  
 
==Gallery==
 
==Gallery==
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Latest revision as of 03:33, 30 July 2010


Forsythia × intermedia


Plant Characteristics
Habit   shrub

Height: ⇕ 15 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 15.
Width: ⇔ 7 ft"ft" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 7.
Lifespan: ⌛ perennial
Bloom: ❀ early spring, mid spring, late spring
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ sun
Features: ✓ flowers
USDA Zones: 5 to 9
Flower features: ❀ orange, yellow
Scientific Names

Oleaceae >

Forsythia >

intermedia >


Forsythia × intermedia (Border Forsythia)[1]is an ornamental deciduous shrub of garden origin.

The shrub has an upright habit with arching branches and grows to 3 to 4 metres high.[2] The opposite leaves turn yellowish or occasionally purplish in the autumn before falling.[3] The usually pale-yellow flowers are produced on one- to two-year-old growth and may be solitary or in racemes from 2 to 6.[2]

The hybrid is thought to be a cross between Forsythia viridissima and F. suspensa var.fortunei.[4]


Read about Forsythia × intermedia in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

Forsythia intermedia, Zabel (F. suspensa x F. viridissima,). Shrub, with slender, erect or arching branches: lvs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate, usually coarsely serrate, 3-4 in. long: fls. almost like those of F. suspensa var. Fortunei. Gt. 1885:1182; 40, p. 397. Gn.W. 22:181. Var. vitellina, Koehne (F. vitellina, Koehne). With upright or spreading branches: fls. deep yellow, little over 1 in. long. Var. spectabilis, Spaeth (F. spectdbilis, Koehne). Upright with spreading and somewhat arching branches: fls. somewhat paler than of the preceding, 1 1/3 in. long, often 5-6-merous. Var. densiflora. Koehne (F. densiflora, Koehne). Upright shrub with divaricately spreading and slender arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, rather pale with flat slightly recurved corolla-lobes. Gt. 55, pp. 230, 231. Var. primulina, Rehd. Upright shrub, with spreading and arching branches: fls. crowded at the base of the branches, pale yellow; lobes of the corolla revolute at the margin.—F. intermedia is often confounded with forms of F. suspensa. In foliage it resembles much the following, which has the lvs. narrower, always simple, usually serrate only above the middle, with smaller teeth. It is as hardy as F. suspensa and very floriferous. CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

The hybrid is best suited to a position with full sun or partial shade and is drought-tolerant.[3] Like some other forsythias, it is one of the earliest or even the earliest shrub to bloom in humid continental climate, well adapted to temperature changes, blooms with bright yellow flowers, that are noticeable even in twilight. This makes forsythias widely cultivated in gardens, parks and various green parts of European towns, with Forsythia x intermedia hybrid being the most popular among forsythias.

Propagation

Do you have propagation info on this plant? Edit this section!

Pests and diseases

Do you have pest and disease info on this plant? Edit this section!

Varieties

Cultivars include:

  • 'Arnold Dwarf' - low-growing with pale yellow flowers[3]
  • 'Beatrix Farrand' - a particularly floriferous cultivar[3]
  • 'Gold Tide' ('Courtasol') - floriferous, with deep yellow autumn colour[3]
  • 'Lynwood' - large flowers with broad petals[2]
  • 'Karl Sax' - deep yellow flowers with orange lines in the thoat. Introduced by the Arnold Arboretum in 1960.[2]
  • 'Spectabilis'[2]
  • 'Spring Glory' - purple-tinged foliage in autumn[3]
  • 'Variegata' - leaves with contrasting cream edges[3]

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • photo 1

  • photo 2

  • photo 3

References

External links


  1. ↑ Dirr, Michael A. (1997). Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs - An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Timber Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-88192-404-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=CmKi3t5qZe4C&pg=PA158&dq=Forsythia%20xintermedia. Retrieved 2009-06-02. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rowell, Raymond J. (1980). Ornamental Flowering Trees in Australia. Australia: AH & AW Reed Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-589-50178-X. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Forsythia x intermedia". Plant fact sheets. NC State University. Retrieved on 2009-06-01.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named INRA
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