Difference between revisions of "Vinca"

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{{Otheruses}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{Taxobox
 
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| color = lightgreen
 
 
| name = ''Vinca''
 
| name = ''Vinca''
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| image = Vinca major1.jpg
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| common_names = Periwinkle
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| image_width = 240px
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| growth_habit = herbaceous groundcover
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| image_caption = Giant Steps Periwinkle (''Vinca major'') plant
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| ordo = [[Gentianales]]
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| lifespan = perennial{{SSN}}
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| familia = [[Apocynaceae]]
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| exposure = part--shade, shade{{SSN}}
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| genus = '''''Vinca'''''
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| water = moderate{{SSN}}
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| features = flowers
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| subdivision =  
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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''[[Vinca balcanica]]''<br />
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| usda_zones = vary by species
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''[[Vinca difformis]]''<br />
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| sunset_zones = vary by species{{SSN}}
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''[[Vinca herbacea]]''<br />
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| color = IndianRed
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''[[Vinca major]]''<br />
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| image = Vinca major0.jpg
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''[[Vinca minor]]''
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = Large Periwinkle (''Vinca major'') flower
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = Gentianales
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| familia = Apocynaceae
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| genus = Vinca
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| species =  
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| subspecies =  
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| cultivar =  
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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VINCA (pervinca, old Latin name of periwinkle, used by Pliny). Apocynfaex. Erect or procumbent or trailing herbs or subshrubs, some used for bloom in the flower-garden, others for decorative foliage in the greenhouse and in window-boxes and others for permanent ground-cover out-of-doors.
  
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'''''Vinca''''' (from [[Latin]]  ''vincire'' "to bind, fetter") is a genus of five species in the family [[Apocynaceae]], native to [[Europe]], northwest [[Africa]] and southwest [[Asia]]. The common name, shared with the related genus ''[[Catharanthus]]'', is '''Periwinkle'''.
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Leaves opposite: fls. axillary, solitary, rather large; calyx 5-parted, not glandular, lobes narrow, acuminate; corolla salver-shaped, tube cylindrical, lobes 5, large, twisted, overlapping to the left; stamens included, above the middle of the tube; disk none; ovary 2 distinct carpels, glabrous: follicles 2, erect or divergent, narrowly cylindrical.—About 12 species, Medit. region, Trop. Amer., India, and Madagascar.
  
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[[Image:Vinca major0.jpg|left|thumb|Large Periwinkle (''Vinca major'') flower]]
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One of the commonest and best plants for covering the ground in deep shade, especially under trees and in cemeteries, is V. minor. It is a hardy trailing plant with shining evergreen foliage and blue salver-shaped five-Iobcd flowers about an inch across, appearing in spring or early summer. It forms a dense carpet to the exclusion of other herbs. It thrives best in moist half- shaded positions, but will grow in the deepest shade even in poor soil, especially if it is stony. It is a capital plant for clothing steep banks, covering rocks, and carpeting groves. It can be planted successfully on a large scale any time from spring to fall durirg mild or rainy weather. It is propagated by division or by cuttings, as seeds very rarely mature. The periwinkle will live in city yards under trees where grass will not thrive. V. minor is the commonest and perhaps most variable species. Varieties with white, purple, and double flowers are kept in most nurseries, as also a form with variegated foliage. V. major is larger in all its parts than the common periwinkle and not so hardy. It is well known to florists. A variegated form of it is seen in nearly every veranda-box in the country. V. rosea is a tender plant of erect habit which is used chiefly for summer bedding. It grows about a foot high and has rosy purple or white flowers with or without a reddish eye, and often 2 inches across. The plants bloom continuously from the time they are set out until frost. It can be grown in large masses for public parks with somewhat less expense than geraniums. Mr. Stromback, head gardener of Lincoln Park, Chicago, has recorded his experience with V. rosea in Florist's Review 1:141 as follows: "The seed is sown in January or February in flats of sandy soil in a temperature of 65° to 70°. When the seedlings show the second leaf, they are pricked out about an inch apart in trays of the same soil, and when the little plants have five or six leaves they are potted into 2-inch rose-pots, and later shifted to 3-inch pots. The majority are bedded out from the 3-inch pots. The soil of the bed should be a sandy loam if possible, and the plants will not do well in a very heavy soil. In bedding, set the plants about a foot apart. They require more water than a geranium, and when the bed is watered it should be given a good soaking and then let alone for a few days. The plants require no trimming." The amateur will find V. rosea a satisfactory window-plant that can be grown with little trouble from seeds started as late as April, but of course such plants will not bloom as early as the bedding stock propagated in January or February. V. rosea is the largest-flowered vinca, and it seeds freely.{{SCH}}
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They are [[subshrub|subshrubs]] or [[herbaceous]], and have slender trailing stems 1-2 m (3-6 feet) long but not growing more than 20-70 cm (8-30 inches) above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple broad lanceolate to ovate, 1-9 cm (0.25-3.5 inches) long and 0.5-6 cm (0.25-2.25 inches) broad; they are [[evergreen]] in four species, but [[deciduous]] in the herbaceous ''[[Vinca herbacea|V. herbacea]]'', which dies back to the root system in winter.  
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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The [[flower]]s, produced through most of the year, are salverform (like those of ''[[Phlox]]''), simple, 2.5-7 cm (1-3 inches) broad, with five usually violet (occasionally white) petals joined together at the base to form a tube. The [[fruit]] consists of a group of divergent [[follicle (fruit)|follicles]]; a dry fruit which is [[dehiscent]] along one rupture site in order to release seeds.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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==Cultivation and uses==
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===Pests and diseases===
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Two species, the Small Periwinkle ''[[Vinca minor|V. minor]]'' and the Large Periwinkle ''[[Vinca major|V. major]]'', are very popular [[ornamental plant]]s in [[garden]]s, grown for dense evergreen ground cover and their delicate violet flowers. ''V. major'' has broader leaves with a hairy margin and larger flowers, is less cold hardy, and has twice as many chromosomes as ''V. minor''. A variegated selection of ''V. major'' is commonly cultivated. Both species are considered [[invasive weed]]s in parts of the [[United States]] and [[Australia]]. They do not respond to common herbicides and require hormone based sprays to control.
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
  
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===Medical uses===
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==Species==
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The chemotherapy drugs vincristine and vinblastine are derived from this plant.
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''[[Vinca balcanica]]''<br />
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''[[Vinca difformis]]''<br />
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''[[Vinca herbacea]]''<br />
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''[[Vinca major]]''<br />
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''[[Vinca minor]]''
  
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==References==
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==Gallery==
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*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Vinca&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Vinca'']
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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*[http://www.virtualflowers.com.au/annuals_vinca.asp Virtual Flowers Vinca]
 
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*Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. Hodder & Stoughton.
 
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*Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 4: 664-665. Macmillan.
 
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<references />
 
  
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
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Image:Vinca major1.jpg|Giant Steps Periwinkle (''Vinca major'') plant
 
Image:Vinca major-minor leaves.jpg|''Vinca minor'' (above), ''Vinca major'' (below); leaves for comparison
 
Image:Vinca major-minor leaves.jpg|''Vinca minor'' (above), ''Vinca major'' (below); leaves for comparison
 
Image:Vinca major-minor margins.jpg|''Vinca minor'' (above), ''Vinca major'' (below); leaf margins for comparison; note hairless margin of ''V. minor'', hairy margin of ''V. major''
 
Image:Vinca major-minor margins.jpg|''Vinca minor'' (above), ''Vinca major'' (below); leaf margins for comparison; note hairless margin of ''V. minor'', hairy margin of ''V. major''
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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[[Category:Vinca]]
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[[Category:Apocynaceae]]
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<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

Revision as of 23:19, 2 June 2009


Large Periwinkle (Vinca major) flower


Plant Characteristics
Lifespan: ⌛ [[Lifespan::perennialsn]]
Origin: ✈ ?
Cultivation
Exposure: ☼ part--shade"part--shade" is not in the list (sun, part-sun, shade, unknown) of allowed values for the "Exposure" property., [[Exposure::shadesn]]
Water: ◍ [[Water::moderatesn]]
Features: ✓ flowers
Sunset Zones: [[Sunset zones::vary by speciessn]]
Scientific Names

Apocynaceae >

Vinca >



Read about Vinca in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture 

VINCA (pervinca, old Latin name of periwinkle, used by Pliny). Apocynfaex. Erect or procumbent or trailing herbs or subshrubs, some used for bloom in the flower-garden, others for decorative foliage in the greenhouse and in window-boxes and others for permanent ground-cover out-of-doors.

Leaves opposite: fls. axillary, solitary, rather large; calyx 5-parted, not glandular, lobes narrow, acuminate; corolla salver-shaped, tube cylindrical, lobes 5, large, twisted, overlapping to the left; stamens included, above the middle of the tube; disk none; ovary 2 distinct carpels, glabrous: follicles 2, erect or divergent, narrowly cylindrical.—About 12 species, Medit. region, Trop. Amer., India, and Madagascar.

One of the commonest and best plants for covering the ground in deep shade, especially under trees and in cemeteries, is V. minor. It is a hardy trailing plant with shining evergreen foliage and blue salver-shaped five-Iobcd flowers about an inch across, appearing in spring or early summer. It forms a dense carpet to the exclusion of other herbs. It thrives best in moist half- shaded positions, but will grow in the deepest shade even in poor soil, especially if it is stony. It is a capital plant for clothing steep banks, covering rocks, and carpeting groves. It can be planted successfully on a large scale any time from spring to fall durirg mild or rainy weather. It is propagated by division or by cuttings, as seeds very rarely mature. The periwinkle will live in city yards under trees where grass will not thrive. V. minor is the commonest and perhaps most variable species. Varieties with white, purple, and double flowers are kept in most nurseries, as also a form with variegated foliage. V. major is larger in all its parts than the common periwinkle and not so hardy. It is well known to florists. A variegated form of it is seen in nearly every veranda-box in the country. V. rosea is a tender plant of erect habit which is used chiefly for summer bedding. It grows about a foot high and has rosy purple or white flowers with or without a reddish eye, and often 2 inches across. The plants bloom continuously from the time they are set out until frost. It can be grown in large masses for public parks with somewhat less expense than geraniums. Mr. Stromback, head gardener of Lincoln Park, Chicago, has recorded his experience with V. rosea in Florist's Review 1:141 as follows: "The seed is sown in January or February in flats of sandy soil in a temperature of 65° to 70°. When the seedlings show the second leaf, they are pricked out about an inch apart in trays of the same soil, and when the little plants have five or six leaves they are potted into 2-inch rose-pots, and later shifted to 3-inch pots. The majority are bedded out from the 3-inch pots. The soil of the bed should be a sandy loam if possible, and the plants will not do well in a very heavy soil. In bedding, set the plants about a foot apart. They require more water than a geranium, and when the bed is watered it should be given a good soaking and then let alone for a few days. The plants require no trimming." The amateur will find V. rosea a satisfactory window-plant that can be grown with little trouble from seeds started as late as April, but of course such plants will not bloom as early as the bedding stock propagated in January or February. V. rosea is the largest-flowered vinca, and it seeds freely.CH


The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.


Cultivation

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Propagation

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Pests and diseases

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Species

Vinca balcanica
Vinca difformis
Vinca herbacea
Vinca major
Vinca minor

Gallery

If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.

  • Giant Steps Periwinkle (Vinca major) plant

  • Vinca minor (above), Vinca major (below); leaves for comparison

  • Vinca minor (above), Vinca major (below); leaf margins for comparison; note hairless margin of V. minor, hairy margin of V. major

References

External links


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