Difference between revisions of "Hypericum"
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{{SPlantbox | {{SPlantbox | ||
|familia=Clusiaceae | |familia=Clusiaceae | ||
| + | |genus=Hypericum | ||
|common_name=St. John's Wort, Rose of Sharon, Aaron's Beard | |common_name=St. John's Wort, Rose of Sharon, Aaron's Beard | ||
|Min ht metric=cm | |Min ht metric=cm | ||
|Temp Metric=°F | |Temp Metric=°F | ||
|jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks! | |jumpin=This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks! | ||
| − | |image= | + | |image=Hypericum.flower.750pix.jpg |
|image_width=240 | |image_width=240 | ||
| + | |image_caption=Hypericum calycinum cv. 'Hidcote' | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Hypericum ( | + | '''''Hypericum''''' ({{pron-en|ˌhaɪˈpɪərɨkəm}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a [[genus]] of about 400 [[species]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Clusiaceae]], [[subfamily]] [[Hypericoideae]] (formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae). |
| − | The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's-wort, though they are also commonly just called hypericum, and some are known as tutsan. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in Triadenum. | + | The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from [[tropical]] lowlands, [[deserts]] and [[polar]] regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as '''St. John's-wort''', though they are also commonly just called '''hypericum''', and some are known as '''tutsan'''. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in ''[[Triadenum]]''. |
| − | St. John's-worts vary from annual or perennial herbaceous | + | St. John's-worts vary from [[Annual plant|annual]] or [[perennial]] [[herbaceous]] [[herb]]s 5–10 cm tall to [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s up to 12 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, simple oval, 1–8 cm long, either [[deciduous]] or evergreen. The [[flower]]s vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5–6 cm in diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The [[fruit]] is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small [[seed]]s; in some species it is fleshy and [[berry]]-like. |
==Cultivation== | ==Cultivation== | ||
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==Species== | ==Species== | ||
| − | + | Selected species: | |
| − | Hypericum acmosepalum | + | [[Image:Estepa.Joana.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum balearicum]]'']] |
| − | + | [[Image:Hypericum coris1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum coris]]'']] | |
| − | Hypericum acostanum | + | [[Image:Hypericum ericoides fruto.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum ericoides]]'', fruiting]] |
| − | + | [[Image:Hypericum inodorum Magical Passion A.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum inodorum]]'' cv. 'Magical Passion']] | |
| − | Hypericum addingtonii | + | [[Image:Hypericum lanceolatum.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum lanceolatum]]'']] |
| − | + | [[Image:Dziurawiec olimpijski Hypericum olympicum 02.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum olympicum]]'']] | |
| − | Hypericum adenotrichum | + | [[Image:Hypericum pulchrum - top (aka).jpg|thumb|right|[[Slender St. John's-wort]], ''[[Hypericum pulchrum]]'']] |
| − | + | [[Image:Hypericum tomentosum0.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum tomentosum]]'']] | |
| − | Hypericum aegypticum | + | [[Image:Hypericum uralum 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Hypericum uralum]]'']] |
| − | + | <div float="left"> | |
| − | Hypericum anagalloides | + | {{col-begin|width=70%}} |
| − | + | {{col-1-of-2}} | |
| − | Hypericum androsaemum | + | * ''[[Hypericum acmosepalum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum acostanum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum annulatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum addingtonii]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum adenotrichum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum aphyllum | + | * ''[[Hypericum aegypticum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum anagalloides]]'' – [[Creeping St. John's-wort]], Bog St. John's-wort, Tinker's-penny | |
| − | Hypericum ascyron | + | * ''[[Hypericum androsaemum]]'' – [[Tutsan]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum annulatum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum asplundii | + | * ''[[Hypericum aphyllum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum ascyron]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum athoum | + | * ''[[Hypericum asplundii]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum athoum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum atomarium | + | * ''[[Hypericum atomarium]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum augustinii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum augustinii | + | * ''[[Hypericum balearicum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum balfourii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum balearicum | + | * ''[[Hypericum barbatum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum beanii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum balfourii | + | * ''[[Hypericum bellum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum boreale]]'' – [[Northern St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum barbatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum buckleii]]'' – [[Blue Ridge St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum bupleuroides]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum beanii | + | * ''[[Hypericum calycinum]]'' – [[Great St. John's-wort]], Jerusalem Star, "[[Rose of Sharon]]", "[[Aaron's Beard]]" |
| − | + | ** ''Hypericum calycinum'' cv. 'Hidcote' | |
| − | Hypericum bellum | + | * ''[[Hypericum canadense]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Canadian St. John's-wort]], [[Irish St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum canariense]]'' – [[Canary Islands St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum boreale | + | * ''[[Hypericum capitatum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum cerastoides]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum buckleii | + | * ''[[Hypericum choisianum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum cistifolium]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum bupleuroides | + | * ''[[Hypericum concinnum]]'' – [[Goldwire]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum confertum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum calycinum | + | * ''[[Hypericum cordifolium]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum coris]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum canadense | + | * ''[[Hypericum crenulatum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum crux-andreae]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum canariense | + | * ''[[Hypericum cumulicola]]'' – [[Highlands Scrub Hypericum]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum curvisepalum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum capitatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum delphicum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum densiflorum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum cerastoides | + | * ''[[Hypericum denticulatum]]''<small> Walt.</small> – [[Coppery St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum dissimulatum]]'' – [[Disguised St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum choisianum | + | * ''[[Hypericum dyeri]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum eastwoodianum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum cistifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum elegans]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum ellipticum]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- syn of montanum? --> | |
| − | Hypericum concinnum | + | * ''[[Hypericum elodes]]'' – [[Marsh Hypericum]]<!-- marsh st. johns wort is also the whole genus Triadenum --> |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum elongatum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum confertum | + | * ''[[Hypericum empetrifolium]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum erectum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum cordifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum ericoides]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum fasciculatum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum coris | + | * ''[[Hypericum fieriense]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum foliosum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum crenulatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum formosum]]'' – [[Western St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum forrestii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum crux-andreae | + | * ''[[Hypericum fragile]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum frondosa]]''{{Verify source|date=November 2007}}<!-- -osum? --> | |
| − | Hypericum cumulicola | + | * ''[[Hypericum galioides]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum gentianoides]]'' <small>(L.) BSP.</small> – [[Orange-grass St. John's-wort]], [[Pinweed]] | |
| − | Hypericum curvisepalum | + | * ''[[Hypericum glandulosum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum gnidiifolium]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum delphicum | + | * ''[[Hypericum gramineum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum grandifolium]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum densiflorum | + | * ''[[Hypericum graveolens]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum hartwegii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum denticulatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum henryi]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum hircinum]]'' – [[Stinking Tutsan]] | |
| − | Hypericum dissimulatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum hirsutum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Hairy St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum hookerianum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum dyeri | + | * ''[[Hypericum humifusum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Trailing St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum hypericoides]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum eastwoodianum | + | * ''[[Hypericum hyssopifolium]]'' |
| − | + | {{col-2-of-2}} | |
| − | Hypericum elegans | + | * ''[[Hypericum × inodorum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum japonicum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum ellipticum | + | * ''[[Hypericum kalmianum]]'' – [[Kalm's St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum kamtschaticum]]'' <small>Ledeb.</small> | |
| − | Hypericum elodes | + | * ''[[Hypericum kelleri]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum kotschyanum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum elongatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum kouytchense]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum lagarocladum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum empetrifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum lancasteri]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum lanceolatum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum erectum | + | * ''[[Hypericum lanuginosum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum leschenaultii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum ericoides | + | * ''[[Hypericum linariifolium]]'' – [[Toadflax-leaved St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum linarioides]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum fasciculatum | + | * ''[[Hypericum llanganaticum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum lobbii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum fieriense | + | * ''[[Hypericum lobocarpum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum maclarenii]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum foliosum | + | * ''[[Hypericum maculatum]]'' – [[Imperforate St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum maguirei]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum formosum | + | * ''[[Hypericum majus]]'' – [[Larger Canadian St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum matangense]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum forrestii | + | * ''[[Hypericum monogynum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum montanum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Pale St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum fragile | + | * ''[[Hypericum montbretii]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum × moserianum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum frondosa | + | * ''[[Hypericum mutilum]]'' <small>L.</small> – [[Dwarf St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum myricariifolium]]'' <small>Hieron.</small> | |
| − | Hypericum galioides | + | * ''[[Hypericum nanum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum nudiflorum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum gentianoides | + | * ''[[Hypericum nummularium]]'' – [[Round-leaved St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum oblongifolium]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum glandulosum | + | * ''[[Hypericum olympicum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum orientale]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum gnidiifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum origanifolium]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum pallens]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum gramineum | + | * ''[[Hypericum patulum]]'' <small>Thunb</small> |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum peninsulare]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum grandifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum perfoliatum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum perforatum]]'' – [[Common St. John's-wort]], Perforate St John's-wort, Tipton's Weed, Klamath Weed | |
| − | Hypericum graveolens | + | ** ''Hypericum perforatum'' cv. 'Anthos' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum prietoi]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum hartwegii | + | * ''[[Hypericum prolificum]]'' – [[Shrubby St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum pseudohenryi]]'' – [[Irish Tutsan]] | |
| − | Hypericum henryi | + | * ''[[Hypericum pulchrum]]'' – [[Slender St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum punctatum]]'' <small>Lam.</small> – [[Spotted St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum hircinum | + | * ''[[Hypericum quitense]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum reflexum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum hirsutum | + | * ''[[Hypericum reptans]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum reductum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum hookerianum | + | * ''[[Hypericum revolutum]]'' <small>Vahl</small> |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum richeri]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum humifusum | + | * ''[[Hypericum roeperanum]]'' <small>Schimp. ex A. Rich.</small> |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum rumeliacum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum hypericoides | + | * ''[[Hypericum sampsonii]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum scopulorum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum hyssopifolium | + | * ''[[Hypericum scouleri]]'' – [[Western St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum setosum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum × inodorum | + | * ''[[Hypericum socotranum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum sphaerocarpum]]'' – [[Roundfruit St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum japonicum | + | * ''[[Hypericum spruneri]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum stellatum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum kalmianum | + | * ''[[Hypericum subsessile]]''<!-- CurtisBotMag15:92. --> |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum tenuicaule]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum kamtschaticum | + | * ''[[Hypericum tetrapterum]]'' – [[Square-stalked St. John's-wort]], Square-stemmed St. John's-wort, St. Peter's-wort, Peterwort |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum tomentosum]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum kelleri | + | * ''[[Hypericum tortuosum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum trichocaulon]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum kotschyanum | + | * ''[[Hypericum triquetrifolium]]'' – [[Curled-leaved St. John's-wort]] |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum undulatum]]'' – [[Wavy St. John's-wort]] | |
| − | Hypericum kouytchense | + | * ''[[Hypericum uralum]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum vacciniifolium]]'' | |
| − | Hypericum lagarocladum | + | * ''[[Hypericum wilsonii]]'' |
| − | + | * ''[[Hypericum xylosteifolium]]'' – [[Turkish Tutsan]] | |
| − | Hypericum lancasteri | + | * ''[[Hypericum yakusimense]]'' |
| − | + | {{col-end}} | |
| − | Hypericum lanceolatum | + | </div> |
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum lanuginosum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum leschenaultii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum linariifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum linarioides | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum llanganaticum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum lobbii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum lobocarpum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum maclarenii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum maculatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum maguirei | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum majus | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum matangense | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum monogynum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum montanum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum montbretii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum × moserianum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum mutilum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum myricariifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum nanum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum nudiflorum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum nummularium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum oblongifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum olympicum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum orientale | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum origanifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum pallens | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum patulum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum peninsulare | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum perfoliatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum perforatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum prietoi | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum prolificum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum pseudohenryi | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum pulchrum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum punctatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum quitense | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum reflexum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum reptans | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum reductum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum revolutum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum richeri | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum roeperanum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum rumeliacum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum sampsonii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum scopulorum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum scouleri | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum setosum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum socotranum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum sphaerocarpum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum spruneri | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum stellatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum subsessile | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum tenuicaule | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum tetrapterum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum tomentosum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum tortuosum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum trichocaulon | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum triquetrifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum undulatum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum uralum | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum vacciniifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum wilsonii | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum xylosteifolium | ||
| − | |||
| − | Hypericum yakusimense | ||
Revision as of 22:41, 20 December 2009
This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!"This is the plant information box - for information on light; water; zones; height; etc. If it is mostly empty you can help grow this page by clicking on the edit tab and filling in the blanks!" is not in the list (If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!) of allowed values for the "Jump in" property.
Hypericum (pronounced /ˌhaɪˈpɪərɨkəm/)[1] is a genus of about 400 species of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae, subfamily Hypericoideae (formerly often considered a full family Hypericaceae).
The genus has a nearly worldwide distribution, missing only from tropical lowlands, deserts and polar regions. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's-wort, though they are also commonly just called hypericum, and some are known as tutsan. The marsh St. John's-worts are nowadays separated in Triadenum.
St. John's-worts vary from annual or perennial herbaceous herbs 5–10 cm tall to shrubs and small trees up to 12 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval, 1–8 cm long, either deciduous or evergreen. The flowers vary from pale to dark yellow, and from 0.5–6 cm in diameter, with five (rarely four) petals. The fruit is usually a dry capsule which splits to release the numerous small seeds; in some species it is fleshy and berry-like.
Cultivation
Hypericum are suitable for dry, poor soils. They thrive in sunny positions, although some species such as Hypericum calycinum will also tolerate shade.
Propagation
Hypericum can be propagated by seed or cuttings
- Seed - Surface sow between January and May and put in a cold frame. Pre-soaking in distilled water reportedly increases germination rates.
- Cuttings - Take softwood cuttings from tips of current growth in August and use a sandy compost. Place the cuttings in a cold frame.
Pests and diseases
Hypericum is remarkably resilient to pests and diseases. Very occasionally plants may be infected by rust.
Species
Selected species:
Hypericum ericoides, fruiting
Hypericum inodorum cv. 'Magical Passion'
.jpg)
Gallery
If you have a photo of this plant, please upload it! Plus, there may be other photos available for you to add.
photo 1
photo 2
photo 3
References
- Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
- Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
- American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 -->
- Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 -->
External links
- w:Hypericum. Some of the material on this page may be from Wikipedia, under the Creative Commons license.
- Hypericum QR Code (Size 50, 100, 200, 500)
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
