Beech
| Beech | ||||||||||||
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 European Beech leaves and cupules | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
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| Fagus crenata - Japanese Beech Fagus engleriana - Chinese Beech |
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. The leaves are entire or sparsely toothed, from 5-15 cm long and 4-10 cm broad. The flowers are small single-sex, wind-pollinated catkins, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The fruit is a small, sharply 3-angled nut 10-15 mm long, borne in pairs in soft-spined husks 1.5-2.5 cm long, known as cupules. The nuts are edible, though bitter with a high tannin content, and can be called beechmast.
The southern beeches Nothofagus previously thought closely related to beeches, are now treated in a separate family Nothofagaceae. They are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia and South America.
The beech blight aphid (Grylloprociphilus imbricator) is a common pest of beech trees.
Uses
The beech most commonly grown as an ornamental tree is the European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), widely cultivated in North America as well as its native Europe. The European species yields a widely used timber, an easy-to-work utility wood.
Beeches are used as food plants by some species of Lepidoptera - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Beeches.
Chips of beech wood are used in the brewing of Budweiser beer to impart a taste similar to that of wood-barrel aging.
European Beech leaves
Oriental Beech leaves
Flowers of Fagus sylvatica
Base of a Beech
