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 Gloxinia species, southern Peru | ||||||||||||
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Gloxinia is a genus of 3 species of tropical rhizomatous herbs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species are primarily found in the Andes of South America but Gloxinia perennis is also found in Central America and the West Indies, where it has probably escaped from cultivation.
Gloxinia perennis is the original (type) species of the genus and for much of its history the genus consisted of only G. perennis and a very small number of other species. However, most recent references on Gloxinia reflect the 1976 classification of Hans Wiehler, who took a very broad view of the genus (surprisingly, because Wiehler tended to be a taxonomic splitter). A recent analysis of Gloxinia and related genera based on molecular and morphological work has determined that Wiehler's circumscription of the genus was unnatural, both phylogenetically and morphologically. The analyses demonstrated that the genera Anodiscus and Koellikeria, each with a single species, were more closely related to Gloxinia perennis than were any of the other species included in Gloxinia by Wiehler, several of which proved to be more closely related to other genera (particularly Diastema, Monopyle, and Phinaea). As a result of this work, most of the species have been transferred to other genera while Koellikeria erinoides and Anodiscus xanthophyllus have been transferred into a much more narrowly defined Gloxinia consisting of only three species, all of them characterized by having a raceme-like flowering stem. The other species have been transferred to the existing genus Monopyle, the resurrected genera Mandirola and Seemannia, and the new genera Gloxinella, Gloxiniopsis, Nomopyle, and Sphaerorrhiza. Gloxinia perennis forms fertile hybrids with species of Seemannia, which was the primary reason for uniting the two genera.
Gloxinia perennis is sometimes known as "Canterbury Bells" (not to be confused with members of the genus Campanula, which go by the same name).
Sinningia speciosa, a popular houseplant, was originally described and introduced to cultivation as Gloxinia speciosa and is still commonly known as "gloxinia".
- Species
- Gloxinia erinoides (formerly Koellikeria erinoides)
- Gloxinia perennis
- Gloxinia xanthophylla (formerly Anodiscus xanthophyllus)
- Excluded species
- Gloxinia burchellii = Sphaerorrhiza burchellii
- Gloxinia dodsonii = Nomopyle dodsonii
- Gloxinia gymnostoma = Seemannia gymnostoma
- Gloxinia ichthyostoma = Mandirola ichthyostoma
- Gloxinia lindeniana = Gloxinella lindeniana
- Gloxinia nematanthodes = Seemannia nematanthodes
- Gloxinia planalta = Mandirola multiflora
- Gloxinia purpurascens = Seemannia purpurascens
- Gloxinia racemosa = Gloxiniopsis racemosa
- Gloxinia reflexa = Monopyle reflexa
- Gloxinia rupestris = Mandirola rupestris
- Gloxinia sarmentiana = Sphaerorrhiza sarmentiana
- Gloxinia speciosa = Sinningia speciosa
- Gloxinia sylvatica = Seemannia sylvatica
References and external links
- Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan, L.E., Skog, & E.A. Zimmer. 2005. Untangling the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic data sets. Taxon 54 (2): 389-410.
- Roalson, E.H., J.K. Boggan & L.E. Skog. 2005. Reorganization of tribal and generic boundaries in the Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae: Gesnerioideae) and the description of a new tribe in the Gesnerioideae, Sphaerorrhizeae. Selbyana 25 (2): 225-238.
- Wiehler, H. 1976. A report on the classification of Achimenes, Eucodonia, Gloxinia, and Anetanthus (Gesneriaceae). Selbyana 1 (4): 374-404.