Phaseolus lunatus

Read about Phaseolus lunatus in the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Phaseolus lunatus, Linn. Sieva or Civet Bean. Figs. 2898-2901. Small and slender, usually not climbing very high: lfts. thin, short and broad, ovate pointed (except in special forms as the Willow-leaf): fls. of medium size, wings and keel white or whitish, banner greenish, containing chloro-phyl, of different texture from the wings and keel, in axillary racemes: pods small and papery, 2-3 in. long, much curved on the back and provided with a long tip, spliting open when ripe and the valves twisting;beans small and flat,white, brown or mottled, conspicuous lines radiating from the hilum, more than 1/2in. long: primary lvs. not lobed, in form ovate or cordate, bases deeply auriculate, upper surfaces smooth and somewhat shiny, their petioles almost perfectly glabrous. Trop. Amer.—Widely cult, in warm countries, and prized for its earliness and prolificacy. It gives rise to dwarf or bush forms, as the Dwarf Carolina, Henderson Bush Lima. Common in American gardens Var. macrocarpus, Benth. (P. inamaenus, Linn. P.limensis, P. saccharatus, P. foecundus, P. latisiliquus, Macfadyen. P. puberulus, HBK. P. Xuarezii, Zucc.). Lima Bean. Figs. 2898, 2899. Distinguished from the Sievas by tall, robust growth and late ripening: lfts. large and thick, ovate- lanceolate: pods fewer to the raceme, straight or nearly so, without a prominent tip, not readily splitting at maturity; beans very large, white, red, black, or speckled. S. Amer.—Widely grown in the tropics, and one of the richest of beans. Unreliable in the northern states because of the short, cool seasons. There are 2 forms cult, in the U. S.: Flat or Large-seeded limas, with seeds very flat and veiny and more or less lunate in shape, and very broad flat pods, with a distinct but not prominent point, and broad ovate lfts.: Potato limas, with smaller tumid seeds, shorter ana thicker pods, with a very short point, and long-ovate, tapering lfts., with angular base. In both these groups there are dwarf or bush forms,—Burpee Dwarf Lima in the former, and Kumerle Dwarf Lima in the latter. The lima bean is perennial in the tropics. See Bean, Lima. Geo. F. Freeman. The above text is from the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. It may be out of date, but still contains valuable and interesting information which can be incorporated into the remainder of the article. Click on "Collapse" in the header to hide this text.

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Lima bean

Lima beans

Plant Info

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Phaseoleae
Genus:	Phaseolus
Species:	P. lunatus

Binomial name

Phaseolus lunatus
L.

Phaseolus lunatus is a legume. It is grown for its seed, which is eaten as a vegetable. It is commonly known as the lima bean or butter bean, it is also known as Haba bean, Pallar bean, Burma bean, Guffin bean, Hibbert bean, Java bean, Sieva bean, Rangood bean, Madagascar bean, Paiga, Paigya, prolific bean, civet bean and sugar bean.

The P. lunatus is of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. Two separate domestication events are believed to have occurred. The first, taking place in the Andes around 2000 BCTemplate:Fact, produced a large-seeded variety (Lima type), while the second, taking place most likely in Mesoamerica around 800 AD, produced a small-seeded variety (Sieva type). By 1301 AD, cultivation had spread to North America, and in the sixteenth century the plant arrived and began to be cultivated in the Eastern Hemisphere.

The small-seeded wild form (Sieva type) is found distributed from Mexico to Argentina, generally below 1600 meters above sea level, while the large-seeded wild form (Lima type)is found distributed in the north of Peru, between 320 and 2030 meters above sea level.

During the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, lima beans were exported to the rest of the Americas and Europe, since the boxes of such goods had their place of origin labeled "Lima - Peru", the beans got named as such.

Both bush and pole (vine) varieties exist, the latter from one to four meters in height. The bush varieties mature earlier than the pole varieties. The pods are up to 15 cm long. The mature seeds are 1 to 3 cm long and oval to kidney shaped. In most varieties the seeds are quite flat, but in the "potato" varieties the shape approaches spherical. White seeds are common, but black, red, orange and variously mottled seeds are also known. The immature seeds are uniformly green.

In the Southern United States the Sieva type are traditionally called butter beans, it is also otherwise known as the Dixie or Henderson type. Lima beans and butter beans are seen as two distinct types of beans.

Lima beans typically yield 2900 to 5000 kilograms of seed and 3000 to 8000 kilograms of biomass per hectare.

References

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