Chiloglottis
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Chiloglottis is a small genus in the orchid family Orchidaceae.
The botanical name of the genus is derived from Greek words, referring to the tongue-shaped lip. The type species is Chiloglottis diphylla R.Br., Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen: 323 (1810), that has now become a synonym of Chiloglottis reflexa [LaBill.] Druce 1917.
This genus of deciduous, terrestrial orchids is indigenous to Australia and New Zealand.
The species have 1 to 4 paired oblong-lanceolate, glabrous leaves (usually two) and subterranean tuberoids. The flowers have 4 pollina. The short peduncle elongates after fertilisation of the flower. The flower is insect-pollinated by sexual deception (pseudocopulation) of specific wasps. The lip has raised calli, whose structures mimic the flightless female of the wasp pollinator.
Species
- Chiloglottis anaticeps D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis chlorantha D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales, Victoria)
- Chiloglottis cornuta Hook.f. (1844) : Green Bird Orchid (SE Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand)
- Chiloglottis grammata G.W.Carr (1991) (Tasmania)
- Chiloglottis gunnii Lindl. (1840) : Common Bird Orchid, Large Bird Orchid (SE Australia, Tasmania)
- Chiloglottis jeanesii D.L.Jones (1997) (Victoria)
- Chiloglottis longiclavata D.L.Jones, (1991) (Queensland)
- Chiloglottis palachila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (1991) (New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis platychila G.W.Carr (1991) (Tasmania)
- Chiloglottis pluricallata D.L.Jones, (1991) (New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis reflexa (Labill.) Druce, (1917) : Autumn Bird Orchid (Queensland to Tasmania)
- Chiloglottis seminuda D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis sphyrnoides D.L.Jones, (1991) (E Australia)
- Chiloglottis sylvestris D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (1987) (Queensland, New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis triceratops D.L.Jones (1998) (Tasmania)
- Chiloglottis turfosa D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales)
- Chiloglottis valida D.L.Jones (1991) (New South Wales, Victoria, New Zealand)
Taxonomic notes
In 2005 the following species were transferred to the new genus Myrmechila:
- Chiloglottis formicifera
- Chiloglottis platyptera
- Chiloglottis trapeziformis
- Chiloglottis trullata
- Chiloglottis truncata
Intergeneric hybrid: Chiloglottis × pescottiana R.S.Rogers, (1918).: (Chiloglottis valida x Myrmechila trapeziformis) : Alpine Bird Orchid (SE Australia)
References
- Peakall, R., Bower, C. C., Logan, A. E., and Nicol H. I. (1997). "Confirmation of the hybrid origin of Chiloglottis X pescottiana R. S. Rogers (Orchidaceae: Diurideae). 1. Genetic and morphometric analysis.". Australian Journal of Botany 45: 839-855.
- Jones, D.L. (1998). "A taxonomic review of Chiloglottis in Tasmania.". Australian Orchid Research 3 (62).
- Jones, D.L., Clements, M.A., Sharma, I.K. , Mackenzie, A.M. & Molloy, B. (2002). "Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae).". The Orchadian 13 (10): 459.
- "Miscellaneous nomenclature notes and changes in Australian, New Guinea and New Zealand Orchidaceae.". The Orchadian 15 (1): 37. 2005.