Figwort

Figwort family

Scrophularia nodosa

Plant Info

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Scrophulariaceae Juss.

Genera

See text.

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with zygomorphic (rarely actinomorphic) flowers. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains. The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia L..

In the past it was treated as including about 275 genera and over 5,000 species, but its circumscription has been radically altered since numerous molecular phylogenies have shown the traditional broad circumscription to be grossly polyphyletic. Many genera have recently been transferred to other families within the Lamiales, notably Plantaginaceae and Orobanchaceae but also several new families (Olmstead et al., 2001; Olmstead, 2003). Several families of the Lamiales have had their circumscriptions enlarged to accommodate genera transferred from Scrophulariacae s.l.

The family includes some medicinal plants, among them:

Leptandra, Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra
Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove, used in Traditional Chinese medicine
Scrophularia, figworts
Verbascum, mulleins

Included genera

Template:Incomplete list

Agalinis Raf. -- False foxglove
Alectra Thunb.
Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav.
Aureolaria Raf. -- Yellow False foxglove
Brachystigma Pennell -- Desert foxglove
Buchnera L. -- Bluehearts
Buddleja -- Butterfly-bush
Capraria L.
Chaenorrhinum -- Dwarf Snapdragon
Dasistoma Raf.
Diascia
Diplacus Nutt. -- Bush monkeyflower
Hemianthus Nutt.
Ilysanthes
Lendneria Minod
Leptandra -- Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
Leucospora Nutt.
Limosella -> Plantaginaceae -> Scrophulariaceae (according to Oxelman et al. 2005)
Macranthera Nutt.
Mimetanthe Greene
Nemesia
Phygelius E.Mey. ex Benth. -- Cape fuchsia
Rehmannia Libosch.
Schwalbea L. -- Schwalbea
Scrophularia L. -- Figwort
Seymeria Pursh -- Black senna
Sutera "Bacopa"
Striga Lour. -- Witchweed
Tomanthera
Verbascum L. -- Mullein

Excluded genera

The following genera, traditionally included in the Scrophulariaceae, have been transferred to other families as indicated:

Amphianthus -> Plantaginaceae
Angelonia -> Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Bacopa -> Plantaginaceae
Bartsia -> Orobanchaceae
Bellardia -> Orobanchaceae
Besseya -> Plantaginaceae
Calceolaria -> Calceolariaceae
Castilleja -> Orobanchaceae
Chaenorrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Chelone -> Plantaginaceae
Chionophila -> Plantaginaceae
Collinsia -> Plantaginaceae
Cordylanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Cymbalaria -> Plantaginaceae
Digitalis -> Plantaginaceae
Dopatrium -> Plantaginaceae
Epixiphium -> Plantaginaceae
Euphrasia -> Orobanchaceae
Galvezia -> Plantaginaceae
Gambelia -> Plantaginaceae
Glossostigma -> Phrymaceae
Gratiola -> Plantaginaceae
Hebe -> Plantaginaceae
Holmgrenanthe -> Plantaginaceae
Howelliella -> Plantaginaceae
Keckiella -> Plantaginaceae
Kickxia -> Plantaginaceae
Lagotis -> Plantaginaceae
Leucophyllum -> Plantaginaceae
Limnophila -> Plantaginaceae
Linaria -> Plantaginaceae
Lindernia -> Plantaginaceae, also placed within its own family Linderniaceae according to Haston et al 2007 (also known as LAPG II). ^[1]
Lophospermum -> Plantaginaceae
Mabrya -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandella -> Plantaginaceae
Maurandya -> Plantaginaceae
Mazus -> Phrymaceae
Mecardonia -> Plantaginaceae
Melampyrum -> Orobanchaceae
Micranthemum -> Plantaginaceae
Mimulus -> Phrymaceae
Misopates -> Plantaginaceae
Mohavea -> Plantaginaceae
Nemesia -> Plantaginaceae
Neogaerrhinum -> Plantaginaceae
Nothochelone -> Plantaginaceae
Nuttallanthus -> Plantaginaceae
Odontites -> Orobanchaceae
Orobanche -> Orobanchaceae
Orthocarpus -> Orobanchaceae
Parentucellia -> Orobanchaceae
Paulownia -> Paulowniaceae
Pedicularis -> Orobanchaceae
Penstemon -> Plantaginaceae
Pseudorontium -> Plantaginaceae
Rhinanthus -> Orobanchaceae
Russelia -> Plantaginaceae
Sairocarpus -> Plantaginaceae
Schistophragma -> Plantaginaceae
Scoparia -> Plantaginaceae
Stemodia -> Plantaginaceae
Synthyris -> Plantaginaceae
Tonella -> Plantaginaceae
Torenia L. -> Linderniaceae
Triphysaria -> Orobanchaceae
Veronica -> Plantaginaceae
Veronicastrum -> Plantaginaceae

References

↑ Haston, E., Richardson, J. E., Stevens, P. F., Chase, M. W., Harris, D. J. (2007). "A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families". Taxon 56 (1): 7–12.

Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. (2001). "Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". American Journal of Botany 88: 348-361. - on line here.
Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae?". Fremontia 30: 13-22. - on line here.
Oxelman, B.; Kornhall, P.; Olmstead, R.G.; Bremer, B. (2005). "Further disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". Taxon 54: 411-425.

External links

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Kew list of Scrophulariaceae

[1] Haston, E., Richardson, J. E., Stevens, P. F., Chase, M. W., Harris, D. J. (2007). "A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families". Taxon 56 (1): 7–12.

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