Running Buffalo Clover
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| Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex A. Eaton | ||||||||||||||||
Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum) is an endangered species of perennial clover native to the eastern and midwestern United States.
This plant has erect, unbranched flowering stems, typically 10-50 cm (4-20 in) tall. The apex of the stem is topped by a round flower head, subtended by two leaves. These apical leaves are typically larger than those found on stems without flowers. The flower heads are white, sometimes tinged with purple, and 2-2.5 cm diameter.
Like other clovers, Running Buffalo Clover has leaves divided into three leaflets. It sends out long creeping runners (stolons) from its base, which grow along the ground and take root. The stems and leaves are hairless. It flowers from mid-May to June and fruits in July.
Habitat
The original habitat of this plant is believed to have been areas of rich soils in open areas among forests and prairies. Grazing bison probably maintained these open areas while migrating along established trails. The clover was apparently once widespread across much of the midwestern U.S.
Threats
The reasons for this plant's decline are not known for certain, but they are believed to be directly related to the disappearance of large herbivores from the plant's habitat. This species appears to have been dependent upon the woodland disturbance created by large animals, especially the bison. Many of the species' old records were in proximity to bison licks and trails. Other causes include trampling by unknowing people and competition from introduced species.