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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Halesia''
| image = Halesia carolina0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Halesia carolina'' (? ''H. tetraptera'')
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Styracaceae]]
| genus = '''''Halesia''''' [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]] ex [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Halesia''''' ('''Silverbell''' or '''Snowdrop Tree''') is a small [[genus]] of four or five species of [[deciduous]] large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s in the family [[Styracaceae]], native to eastern [[Asia]] (southeast [[China]]) and eastern [[North America]] (southern [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] south to [[Florida]] and eastern [[Texas]], [[United States]]). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[drupe]] 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings.
;Species
*''[[Halesia carolina]]'' L. - eastern North America ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''H. parviflora'' '''or''' ''H. tetraptera'')
*''[[Halesia diptera]]'' Ellis - southeastern North America
*''[[Halesia macgregorii]]'' Chun - eastern China
*''[[Halesia monticola]]'' (Rehd.) Sarg. - eastern North America (syn. ''H. carolina'' var. ''monticola''; ''H. tetraptera'' var. ''monticola'')
*''[[Halesia parviflora]]'' Michx. - eastern North America
*''[[Halesia tetraptera]]'' Ellis - eastern North America
''H. diptera'' is the most distinct, readily distinguished from the other taxa by its two-winged fruit; the other taxa all have four-winged fruit.
''H. monticola'' is by far the largest of the genus, with specimens up to 39 m tall known in the [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]] in [[North Carolina]]; the second-largest is ''H. macgregorii'', reaching 24 m in China. The others rarely exceed 10 m tall.
==Taxonomy==
The taxonomy and naming of the American species is confused and extensively disputed. The first dispute is over the exact identity of the specimen first named by [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] as ''H. carolina''; some contend that it is the same as ''H. parviflora'',<ref>Reveal, J. L., & Seldin, M. J. (1976). On the Identity of Halesia carolina L. (Styracaceae). ''Taxon'' 25 (1): 123–140. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-0262%28197602%2925%3A1%3C123%3AOTIOHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5321 ''Halesia'']</ref><ref>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HALES ''Halesia'']</ref> while others say it is the same as ''H. tetraptera''.<ref>Fritsch, P. W. & Lucas, S. D. (2000). Clinal Variation in the Halesia carolina Complex (Styracaceae). ''Systematic Botany'' 25 (2): 197–210. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-6445%28200004%2F06%2925%3A2%3C197%3ACVITHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref>Florida Institute for Systematic Botany: [http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/synonyms.asp?plantID=3261 ''Halesia carolina'']</ref><ref>U.S. Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/halesia/carolina.htm ''Halesia carolina'']</ref> The second dispute is over whether ''H. monticola'' is sufficiently distinct from the other species to merit specific recognition or not (with its varietal placing depending on the above question, too). Neither question has yet been conclusively answered.
The genus was named after [[Stephen Hales]] by [[John Ellis (naturalist)|John Ellis]], publishing the name in the tenth edition of Linnaeus's ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' in 1759. The name is [[conserved name|conserved]] as the same name had been used in an obscure earlier publication in 1756 for a different plant.<ref name=grin/>
==Cultivation and uses==
Silverbells are popular [[ornamental plant]]s in large gardens, grown for their delicate pendulous flowers in late spring.
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Styracaceae]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = ''Halesia''
| image = Halesia carolina0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Halesia carolina'' (? ''H. tetraptera'')
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Styracaceae]]
| genus = '''''Halesia''''' [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]] ex [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Halesia''''' ('''Silverbell''' or '''Snowdrop Tree''') is a small [[genus]] of four or five species of [[deciduous]] large [[shrub]]s or small [[tree]]s in the family [[Styracaceae]], native to eastern [[Asia]] (southeast [[China]]) and eastern [[North America]] (southern [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] south to [[Florida]] and eastern [[Texas]], [[United States]]). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate [[leaf|leaves]] 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The [[flower]]s are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The [[fruit]] is an oblong dry [[drupe]] 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings.
;Species
*''[[Halesia carolina]]'' L. - eastern North America ([[synonymy|syn.]] ''H. parviflora'' '''or''' ''H. tetraptera'')
*''[[Halesia diptera]]'' Ellis - southeastern North America
*''[[Halesia macgregorii]]'' Chun - eastern China
*''[[Halesia monticola]]'' (Rehd.) Sarg. - eastern North America (syn. ''H. carolina'' var. ''monticola''; ''H. tetraptera'' var. ''monticola'')
*''[[Halesia parviflora]]'' Michx. - eastern North America
*''[[Halesia tetraptera]]'' Ellis - eastern North America
''H. diptera'' is the most distinct, readily distinguished from the other taxa by its two-winged fruit; the other taxa all have four-winged fruit.
''H. monticola'' is by far the largest of the genus, with specimens up to 39 m tall known in the [[Great Smoky Mountains National Park]] in [[North Carolina]]; the second-largest is ''H. macgregorii'', reaching 24 m in China. The others rarely exceed 10 m tall.
==Taxonomy==
The taxonomy and naming of the American species is confused and extensively disputed. The first dispute is over the exact identity of the specimen first named by [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] as ''H. carolina''; some contend that it is the same as ''H. parviflora'',<ref>Reveal, J. L., & Seldin, M. J. (1976). On the Identity of Halesia carolina L. (Styracaceae). ''Taxon'' 25 (1): 123–140. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-0262%28197602%2925%3A1%3C123%3AOTIOHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5321 ''Halesia'']</ref><ref>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HALES ''Halesia'']</ref> while others say it is the same as ''H. tetraptera''.<ref>Fritsch, P. W. & Lucas, S. D. (2000). Clinal Variation in the Halesia carolina Complex (Styracaceae). ''Systematic Botany'' 25 (2): 197–210. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0363-6445%28200004%2F06%2925%3A2%3C197%3ACVITHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage Abstract]</ref><ref>Florida Institute for Systematic Botany: [http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/synonyms.asp?plantID=3261 ''Halesia carolina'']</ref><ref>U.S. Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/halesia/carolina.htm ''Halesia carolina'']</ref> The second dispute is over whether ''H. monticola'' is sufficiently distinct from the other species to merit specific recognition or not (with its varietal placing depending on the above question, too). Neither question has yet been conclusively answered.
The genus was named after [[Stephen Hales]] by [[John Ellis (naturalist)|John Ellis]], publishing the name in the tenth edition of Linnaeus's ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' in 1759. The name is [[conserved name|conserved]] as the same name had been used in an obscure earlier publication in 1756 for a different plant.<ref name=grin/>
==Cultivation and uses==
Silverbells are popular [[ornamental plant]]s in large gardens, grown for their delicate pendulous flowers in late spring.
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Styracaceae]]