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'''''Typha''''' is a [[genus]] of about eleven [[species]] of [[monocot]]yledonous flowering plants in the [[monogeneric]] family, Typhaceae. The genus has a largely [[Northern Hemisphere]] distribution, but is essentially [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], being found in a variety of [[wetland]] habitats. These plants are known in [[British English]] as '''bulrush''', '''bullrush''' or '''reedmace''',<ref>''Collins Complete British Wildlife''</ref> in [[American English]] as '''cattail''', '''punks''', or '''[[corndog]] grass''', and in [[New Zealand]] as '''[[raupo]]'''. ''Typha'' should not be confused with other plants known as [[bulrush]], such as some [[Cyperaceae|sedges]] (mostly in ''[[Scirpus]]'' and related [[genus|genera]]).

'''''Typha''''' is a [[genus]] of about eleven [[species]] of [[monocot]]yledonous flowering plants in the [[monogeneric]] family, Typhaceae. The genus has a largely [[Northern Hemisphere]] distribution, but is essentially [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], being found in a variety of [[wetland]] habitats. These plants are known in [[British English]] as '''bulrush''', '''bullrush''' or '''reedmace''',<ref>''Collins Complete British Wildlife''</ref> in [[American English]] as '''cattail''', '''punks''', or '''[[corndog]] grass''', and in [[New Zealand]] as '''[[raupo]]'''. ''Typha'' should not be confused with other plants known as [[bulrush]], such as some [[Cyperaceae|sedges]] (mostly in ''[[Scirpus]]'' and related [[genus|genera]]).

''Typha'' leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowering spikes. The [[rhizome]]s spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of ''Typha'' is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.

''Typha'' leaves are alternate and mostly basal to a simple, jointless stem that eventually bears the flowering spikes. The [[rhizome]]s spread horizontally beneath the surface of muddy ground to start new upright growth, and the spread of ''Typha'' is an important part of the process of open water bodies being converted to vegetated [[marshland]] and eventually dry land.

''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]] and bear [[unisexual]], wind-pollinated flowers, developing in dense [[raceme|spike]]s. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs, and withers once the [[pollen]] is shed.  The very large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, [[sausage]]-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike &ndash; in larger species this can be up to {{Convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and {{Convert|1|to|4|cm|in}} thick. Seeds are minute, {{Convert|0.2|mm|in}} long, and attached to a fine hair.  When ripe the heads disintegrate into dense cottony fluff, from which the seeds [[wind dispersal|disperse by wind]]. ''Typha'' is often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud; it also spreads by [[rhizomes]], forming dense stands often to the exclusion of other plants.

''Typha'' plants are [[monoecious]] and bear [[unisexual]], wind-pollinated flowers, developing in dense [[raceme|spike]]s. The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of [[stamen]]s and hairs, and withers once the [[pollen]] is shed.  The very large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, [[sausage]]-shaped spike on the stem below the male spike – in larger species this can be up to {{Convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=2}} long and {{Convert|1|to|4|cm|in}} thick. Seeds are minute, {{Convert|0.2|mm|in}} long, and attached to a fine hair.  When ripe the heads disintegrate into dense cottony fluff, from which the seeds [[wind dispersal|disperse by wind]]. ''Typha'' is often among the first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud; it also spreads by [[rhizomes]], forming dense stands often to the exclusion of other plants.

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