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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|familia=Ulmaceae
|familia=Ulmaceae
|genus=Ulmus
|genus=Ulmus
|species=macrocarpa
|species=macrocarpa
|habit=tree
|Max ht box=30
|Max ht box=30
|Max ht metric=ft
|Max ht metric=ft
|Max wd metric=ft
|Max wd metric=ft
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|width_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|lifespan=perennial
|exposure=sun
|exposure=sun
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia
|max_zone=9
|max_zone=9
|image=Upload.png
|image=Ulmus macrocarpa Morton.jpg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
The '''Large-fruited Elm ''Ulmus macrocarpa''''' <small>Hance</small> is a [[deciduous]] tree or large shrub endemic to the [[Far East]] excluding [[Japan]]. It is notable for its tolerance of drought and extreme cold and is the predominant vegetation on the dunes of the [[Korqin]] sandy lands in the [[Jilin]] province of north-eastern [[China]], making a small tree at the base of the dunes, and a shrub at the top [http://www.fao.org//docrep/006/ad110e/ad110e01.htm].
By the age of ten years, the tree bears a close resemblance to the [[American Elm]] ''U. americana'', but will never approach the latter's size. The tree can reach a height of 17 m, with a slender trunk rarely exceeding 0.4 m [[diameter at breast height|d.b.h]]; the bark is longitudinally fissured, and dark grey in colour. The twigs often develop corky wings that may persist for several years. The leaves are usually [[leaf shape|obovate]] < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, and chiefly characterized by their thick, leathery texture and obtusely doubly or simply toothed margins. The [[perfect flower|perfect]], wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers appear from March until May.
As implied by its name, ''U. macrocarpa'' is distinguished by its large, orbicular, wafer-like [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] < 50 mm in diameter, which ripen in May and June. <ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing</ref> <ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref>
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
Possessed of a moderate resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]] and a low susceptibility to [[Elm Yellows]], it has also proven very resistant to the elm leaf beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' in trials in [[Oklahoma]] [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/elms.htm] and [[Italy]] <ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). The History of Elm Breeding. ''Invest. Agrar.: Sist Recur For. 2004 13 (1), 161-177.</ref>.
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
Two varieties are recognized: [[Ulmus macrocarpa var. glabra|var. ''glabra'']] <small>Nie & Huang</small> and [[Ulmus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa|var. ''macrocarpa'']] <small>L.K.Fu</small>
Hybrids, hybrid cultivars and cultivars:
A natural hybrid of ''U. macrocarpa'' and [[Ulmus davidiana var. japonica|''U. davidiana'' var. ''japonica'']], named ''[[Ulmus × mesocarpa]]'' was discovered in [[South Korea]] in the 1980s.
''U. macrocarpa'' is believed to have been used in recent (post 2000) hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177. </ref> but results have yet (2008) to be published. There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==