| Line 25: |
Line 25: |
| | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia | | |usda_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia |
| | |max_zone=11 | | |max_zone=11 |
| − | |image=Upload.png | + | |image=Salvia apiana 2.jpg |
| − | |image_width=240
| + | |image_width=200 |
| − | }}
| |
| − | {{Taxobox
| |
| − | | color = lightgreen
| |
| − | | name = White sage
| |
| − | | image = Salvia_apiana.jpg
| |
| − | | image_width = 240px | |
| − | | regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| |
| − | | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| |
| − | | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| |
| − | | ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| |
| − | | familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
| |
| − | | genus = ''[[Salvia]]''
| |
| − | | species = '''''S. apiana'''''
| |
| − | | binomial = ''Salvia apiana''
| |
| − | | binomial_authority = Jepson
| |
| | }} | | }} |
| | + | '''''Salvia apiana''''', also known as '''white sage''', '''bee sage''', or '''sacred sage''', is an [[evergreen]] [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[shrub]] of the genus ''[[Salvia]]'', the sages. It is native to the southwestern [[United States]] and northwestern [[Mexico]], being found mainly in the [[coastal sage scrub]] habitat of [[Southern California]] and [[Baja California]], on the western edges of the [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]] and [[Sonoran desert]]s. |
| | + | |
| | + | White sage is a sub-shrub that can grow over 1 meter tall. The leaves (about 4–8 cm long) are generally basal and are covered with dense hairs, which give them a white coloring. The leaves are widely lanceolate with tapered bases, and the margins are minutely toothed. The [[inflorescence]] is a spike-like cluster with few flowers. The white [[flower]]s have lavender spots and streaks. The flowers have a bilateral shape and are about 12–22 mm in length. Both the [[stamen]]s and styles are exserted past the end of the flower lobes. The 2.5– to 3-millimeter-long [[fruit]] is a shiny, light-brown [[nutlet]]. |
| | + | |
| | + | White sage is a common plant that requires well-drained dry soil, full sun, and little water. The plant occurs on dry slopes in [[coastal sage scrub]], [[chaparral]], and yellow-pine forests of Southern California to Baja California at less than 1500 m elevation. |
| | + | |
| | + | ==Cultivation== |
| | | | |
| − | '''White sage''' (''Salvia apiana''), also known as '''Sacred sage''', is an [[evergreen]] [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[shrub]] of the genus ''[[Salvia]]'', the sages. It is native to the southwestern [[United States]] and northwestern [[Mexico]], being found mainly in the [[coastal sage scrub]] habitat of [[Southern California]] and [[Baja California]], on the western edges of the [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]] and [[Sonoran desert]]s.
| |
| | | | |
| − | == Morphology == | + | ===Propagation=== |
| − | White sage is a sub-shrub that is less than 1 m tall. The leaves are widely lanceolate and tapered at the base. The margin is minutely toothed and rounded. The leaves are generally basal, covered with dense hairs, which gives it a white coloring, and are about 4–8 cm long. The [[inflorescence]] is a spike-like clusters with few flowers. The [[flower]]s are bilateral, about 12–22 mm in length, and are white with lavender spots and streaks. Both the [[stamen]]s and styles are exserted. The [[fruit]] form into shiny, light brown [[nutlet]]s that are 2.5–3 mm in size.
| |
| | | | |
| − | == Ecology and Reproduction ==
| |
| − | White sage is a common plant that requires well drained dry soil, full sun, and little water. They occur on dry slopes in [[coastal sage scrub]], [[chaparral]], and yellow-pine forests of Southern California to Baja California at less than 1500 m elevation.
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Bumblebee]]s, [[hawk moth]]s and [[wasp]]s [[Pollination|pollinate]] the White sage, and [[hummingbird]]s also appear to like the plant.
| + | ===Pests and diseases=== |
| | | | |
| − | The white sage typically flowers between May and August.
| |
| | | | |
| − | == Ethnobotany == | + | ==Varieties== |
| − | [[North American Indians|Native Americans]] had several uses for this plant: seeds were ground into a [[flour]] and used for mush; leaves were used for flavoring in cooking; leaves were also eaten, smoked or used in a sweathouse as a remedy for colds; seeds were dropped into the eye and permitted to roll around under the eyelids in order to cleanse the eyes; and leaves were crushed and mixed with water to create a hair shampoo, dye and straightener.
| |
| | | | |
| − | White sage is also [[herbalism|used medicinally]]. It can be made into a tea, which decreases sweating, salivation, and mucous secretions in the sinuses, throat, and lungs. Cold tea can be a good stomach tonic, while a lukewarm tea is good for treating sore throats. The leaves can also be used as a uterine hemostatic tea for heavy menstruation; however, since it can also decrease lactation, nursing mothers are advised not to use it.
| |
| | | | |
| − | White sage is considered sacred by many Native Americans since it is used to make [[smudge stick]]s, a type of [[incense]]. White sage is believed to cleanse a space of any evil spirits that may be present. This power is said to be released from the plant by the burning of the leaves, which are typically bundled into a wand or stick. Today many Native American tribes still use the stems and leaves for smudging as part of purification ceremonies.
| + | ==Gallery== |
| | | | |
| − | ==See also== | + | <gallery perrow=5> |
| − | * [[Medicinal plants of the American West]]
| + | File:Salvia apiana 3.jpg |
| | + | File:Salvia apiana Adelaide.jpg |
| | + | File:Salvia apiana 4.jpg |
| | + | </gallery> |
| | | | |
| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | * [http://www.livingdesert.org/plants/white_sage.asp The Living Desert - White Sage fact sheet] | + | <references/> |
| − | * [http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/604.htm ''Salvia apiana''] | + | *[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963 |
| − | * [http://biology.csusb.edu/PlantGuideFolder/SalviaApiana/SalviaApianaPage.htm Photograph of White sage] | + | <!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 --> |
| − | * [http://plants.nrcs.usda.gov/plantguide/doc/cs_saap2.doc USDA] | + | <!--- xxxxx *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432 --> |
| − | * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Salvia+apiana Jepson Flora Project] | + | <!--- xxxxx *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608 --> |
| | + | |
| | + | ==External links== |
| | + | *{{wplink}} |
| | | | |
| − | [[Category:Lamiaceae]]
| + | {{stub}} |
| − | [[Category:Plants and pollinators]]
| + | __NOTOC__ |
| − | [[Category:Flora of California]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Flora of the Mojave Desert]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Flora of Baja California|Sage, White ]]
| |