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{{SPlantbox
{{SPlantbox
|genus=Althaea
|familia=Malvaceae
|genus=Althaea
|species=officinalis
|species=officinalis
|taxo_author=L.
|common_name=Marshmallow, Marsh Mallow, Common Marshmallow
|habit=herbaceous
|Max ht box=1.2
|Max ht metric=m
|height_ref=Wikipedia
|lifespan=perennial
|life_ref=Plants for a Future
|exposure=sun, part-sun
|sun_ref=Plants for a Future
|water=moist, moderate, dry
|water_ref=Plants for a Future
|features=deciduous, flowers, edible
|flower_season=late summer, early fall
|Temp Metric=°F
|Temp Metric=°F
|jumpin=If this plant info box on watering; zones; height; etc. is mostly empty you can click on the edit tab and fill in the blanks!
|min_zone=3
|image=Upload.png
|usda_ref=Plants for a future
|image=Althaea officinalis.jpeg
|image_width=240
|image_width=240
}}
}}
'''''Althaea officinalis''''' ('''Marshmallow''', '''Marsh Mallow''', or '''Common Marshmallow''') is a species native to [[Africa]], which is used as a [[medicinal plant]] and [[ornamental plant]].
The stems, which die down in the autumn, are erect, 3 to {{convert|4|ft|m}} high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches. The leaves, shortly [[Petiole (botany)|petioled]], are roundish, ovate-[[cordate]], 2 to {{convert|3|in|mm}} long, and about 1 1/4 inch broad, entire or three to five lobed, irregularly toothed at the margin, and thick. They are soft and velvety on both sides, due to a dense covering of stellate hairs. The flowers are shaped like those of the common Mallow, but are smaller and of a pale colour, and are either axillary, or in panicles, more often the latter.
The [[stamens]] are united into a tube, the anthers, kidney-shaped and one-celled. The flowers are in bloom during August and September, and are followed, as in other species of this order, by the flat, round fruit which are popularly called 'cheeses.'
The common Mallow is frequently called by country people 'Marsh Mallow,' but the true Marsh Mallow is distinguished from all the other Mallows growing in [[Great Britain]], by the numerous divisions of the outer [[Sepals|calyx]] (six to nine cleft), by the hoary down which thickly clothes the stems and foliage, and by the numerous panicles of blush-coloured flowers, paler than the Common Mallow. The roots are perennial, thick, long and tapering, very tough and pliant, whitish yellow outside, white and fibrous within.
The whole plant, particularly the root, abounds with a mild [[mucilage]], which is emollient to a much greater degree than the common Mallow. The generic name, Althaea, is derived from the Greek ''altho'' (to cure), from its healing properties.
Most of the Mallows have been used as food, and are mentioned by early classic writers with this connection.
{{Inc|
{{Inc|
Althaea officinalis, Linn. Marsh Mallow. Fig. 180. Erect, 3—4 ft., downy: Lvs. ovate, often heart-shaped or 3- lobed, frequently undivided, tomentose: fls. 1 in. across, blush or rose, clustered in the axils of the Lvs. Perennial, in marshes. E. Eu., and occurring in this country as an escape.—Root used for mucilage and for other purposes; also medicinal. The root of commerce has its brown outer covering removed. Rarely cult., but occasionally escaped in marshes near the coast.
Althaea officinalis, Linn. Marsh Mallow. Erect, 3—4 ft., downy: Lvs. ovate, often heart-shaped or 3- lobed, frequently undivided, tomentose: fls. 1 in. across, blush or rose, clustered in the axils of the Lvs. Perennial, in marshes. E. Eu., and occurring in this country as an escape.—Root used for mucilage and for other purposes; also medicinal. The root of commerce has its brown outer covering removed. Rarely cult., but occasionally escaped in marshes near the coast.
}}
}}
==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
Succeeds in almost any soil and situation[1, 4, 200], though it prefers a rich moist soil in a sunny position[4, 200]. It also tolerates fairly dry soil conditions[1]. Plants are hardy to about -25°c[187]. Marsh mallow is often cultivated in the herb garden, as a culinary and medicinal herb as well as for ornament[61]. Its roots were at one time the source of the sweet 'marsh mallow', but this sweet is now made without using the plant[4].
===Propagation===
===Propagation===
Seed - sow spring or autumn in a cold frame. The seed is best sown as soon as it is ripe in late summer, the germination is often erratic[238]. Stratification can improve germination rates and time. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and plant them out in the summer[K]. Division in spring or autumn. Fairly easy, it is best to pot up the divisions in a lightly shaded position in a cold frame or greenhouse until they are growing away well and then plant them out into their permanent positions. Root cuttings in December.
===Pests and diseases===
===Pests and diseases===
<gallery perrow=5>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
Image:Althea officinalis flor.jpg|Marshmallow (''Althaea officinalis'')
File:Althaea officinalis 001.JPG
Image:Upload.png| photo 3
File:Koeh-008.jpg
Image:Upload.png| photo
</gallery>
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
*[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Althaea+officinalis Plants for a Future] - creative commons text incorporated
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->
<!--- xxxxx *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381 -->