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|familia=Goodeniaceae

|familia=Goodeniaceae

|genus=Scaevola

|genus=Scaevola

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'''''Scaevola''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the ''[[Goodenia]]'' [[family (biology)|family]], [[Goodeniaceae]]. It consists of more than 130 tropical species, with the center of diversity being [[Australia]] and [[Polynesia]], including [[Hawaii]].

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Common names for ''Scaevola'' species include '''scaevolas''', '''fan-flowers''', '''half-flowers''', and '''naupaka''', the plant's [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] name. The [[flower]]s are shaped as if they have been horizontally cut in half. Consequently, the generic name means "[[left-handed]]" in [[Latin]]. Many [[legend]]s have been told to explain the formation of the naupaka's unique half flowers. In one version a woman tears the flower in half after a quarrel with her lover. The Gods, angered, turn all naupaka flowers into half flowers and the two lovers remained separated while the man is destined to search in vain for another whole flower.<ref>Hammer, Roger. 1998. ''Postcards from Paradise: Separated Lovers and the Beach Naupaka''. [http://www.se-eppc.org/wildlandweeds/pdf/SP98-Hammer-p_7-8.pdf>PDF]</ref>

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[[File:Scaevola sericea W2 IMG_3107.jpg|thumb|190px|left|''[[Scaevola sericea]]'' in [[Rangareddy district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].]]

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''Scaevola'' is the only [[Goodeniaceae]] genus that is widespread outside of [[Australia]]. In at least six separate dispersals, about 40 species have spread throughout the [[Pacific Basin]], with a few reaching the tropical coasts of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s.

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The [[Hawaiian Islands]] are home to ten ''Scaevola'' species, nine of which are [[Endemism|endemic]].<ref>Offshore Islet Restoration Committee. Undated. ''Species - Plants > Selected Plants Found on Hawaii's Offshore Islets''. [http://www.hawaiioirc.org/OIRC-SPECIES-PLANTS.htm]</ref> Eight of the [[Indigenous (ecology)| indigenous]] species are the result of a single [[colonization]] event. ''[[Scaevola glabra]]'' and ''[[Scaevola taccada]]'' arrived separately to produce a total of three colonizations of Hawaii by ''Scaevola''. Some of the endemic species are of [[Hybrid (biology)| hybrid]] origin. <ref name="howarth2005"> Dianella G. Howarth and David A. Baum. 2005. "Genealogical evidence of homoploid hybrid speciation in an adaptive radiation of ''Scaevola'' (Goodeniaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands". ''Evolution'' '''59'''(5):948-961. </ref>

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Beach Naupaka (''[[Scaevola taccada]]'' synonym ''S. sericea'') occurs throughout the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s and is an [[invasive species]] in Florida, USA, and in some islands of the [[Caribbean]] including the [[Cayman Islands]]<ref>DaCosta-Cottam, M., Olynik, J., Blumenthal, J., Godbeer, K.D., Gibb, J., Bothwell, J., Burton, F.J., Bradley, P.E., Band, A., Austin, T., Bush, P., Johnson, B.J., Hurlston, L., Bishop, L., McCoy, C., Parsons, G., Kirkconnell, J., Halford, S. and Ebanks-Petrie, G. 2009. ''Cayman Islands National Biodiversity Action Plan 2009''. Cayman Islands Government. Department of Environment.[http://www.seaturtle.org/mtrg/projects/cayman/Cayman_NBAP.pdf]</ref> and [[the Bahamas]]. Beachberry or Inkberry (''[[Scaevola plumieri]]'') is widespread in the tropical Americas and [[Tropical Africa|Africa]]; however, it is becoming rarer in areas where ''S. taccada'' is displacing [[native]] coastal plants.

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Most Australian ''Scaevola'' have dry [[fruit]]s and sprawling, [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] to [[shrub]]by habits. By contrast, nearly all species outside Australia have shrub habits with fleshy fruit making dispersal by [[frugivore]]s easy.

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{{Inc|

Scaevola (Latin, a diminutive of scaeva, the left-handed, probably alluding to the form of the corolla). Goodeniaceae. Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs suitable for greenhouse culture: lvs. alternate: fls. solitary between 2 bracteoles, sessile or pedunculate, axillary or the peduncles dichotomously branched with a fl. in each fork; calyx-tube adnate, limb usually very short; corolla oblique, the tube slit open to the base, lobes nearly equal; ovary wholly inferior or rarely the summit free, 2-celled with 1 erect ovule in each cell, or 1-celled with 1 or 2 erect ovules: fr. indehiscent, more or less succulent. — About 83 species, mostly Australian, but also the Pacific islands, Asia, and one each in Afr. and the W. Indies. A few of the species which have been cult. are: S. attenuata, R. Br., with broadly lanceolate lvs. and blue fls. in terminal leafy spikes. Austral. B.M. 4196. S. cuneiformis, Labill., with obovate lower and oblong-cuneate upper lvs. and blue fls. in a long interrupted spike. Austral. S. suaveolens, R. Br., a prostrate. or decumbent hardy perennial or subshrub with petiolate lvs. obovate to oblong-spatulate, and blue fls. in interrupted terminal hirsute spikes. Aug. Austral.

Scaevola (Latin, a diminutive of scaeva, the left-handed, probably alluding to the form of the corolla). Goodeniaceae. Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs suitable for greenhouse culture: lvs. alternate: fls. solitary between 2 bracteoles, sessile or pedunculate, axillary or the peduncles dichotomously branched with a fl. in each fork; calyx-tube adnate, limb usually very short; corolla oblique, the tube slit open to the base, lobes nearly equal; ovary wholly inferior or rarely the summit free, 2-celled with 1 erect ovule in each cell, or 1-celled with 1 or 2 erect ovules: fr. indehiscent, more or less succulent. — About 83 species, mostly Australian, but also the Pacific islands, Asia, and one each in Afr. and the W. Indies. A few of the species which have been cult. are: S. attenuata, R. Br., with broadly lanceolate lvs. and blue fls. in terminal leafy spikes. Austral. B.M. 4196. S. cuneiformis, Labill., with obovate lower and oblong-cuneate upper lvs. and blue fls. in a long interrupted spike. Austral. S. suaveolens, R. Br., a prostrate. or decumbent hardy perennial or subshrub with petiolate lvs. obovate to oblong-spatulate, and blue fls. in interrupted terminal hirsute spikes. Aug. Austral. For a recent treatment of this genus, see Krause in Engler's Pflanzenreich, hft. 54 (IV. 277 and 277a), 1912.

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==Cultivation==

==Cultivation==

 

===Propagation===

===Propagation===

 

===Pests and diseases===

===Pests and diseases===

 

==Species==

==Species==

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* ''[[Scaevola crassifolia]]'' <small>[[Labill.]]</small> &ndash; Thick-leaved Fan-flower (Australia)

* ''[[Scaevola floribunda]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small> ([[Fiji]])

* ''[[Scaevola gaudichaudiana]]'' <small>Cham.</small> &ndash; Mountain Naupaka, ''Naupaka kuahiwi'' (Hawaii)

* ''[[Scaevola hookeri]]'' <small>(de Vriese) F.Muell. ex Hook.f.</small> &ndash; Creeping Fan-flower or Alpine Fan-flower

* ''[[Scaevola kilaueae]]'' <small>O.Deg.</small> &ndash; ''Huahekili uka'' ([[Hawaii (island)|island of Hawai{{okina}}i]])

* ''[[Scaevola plumieri]]'' <small>(L.) Vahl</small> &ndash; Beachberry, Waxy Bush, "inkberry" (Pantropical)

* ''[[Scaevola procera]]'' <small>[[William Hillebrand|Hillebr.]]</small> &ndash; Forest Naupaka, ''Naupaka kuahiwi'' ([[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] and Kaua{{okina}}i in Hawaii)

* ''[[Scaevola taccada]]'' <small>(Gaertn.) Roxb.</small> &ndash; Beach Naupaka, ''Naupaka kahakai'' (Hawaiian); ''ngahu'' ([[Tongan language|Tongan]]) (Pantropical)<!-- Micronesica40:169. --><!-- Scaevola sericea is a synonym for  Scaevola taccada-->

==Gallery==

==Gallery==

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==References==

==References==

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

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