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'''''Fraxinus nigra''''' ('''Black Ash''') is a species of ''[[Fraxinus]]'' (ash) native to much of eastern [[Canada]] and the northeastern [[United States]], from western [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] west to southeastern [[Manitoba]], and south to [[Illinois]] and northern [[Virginia]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?301 ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref>
'''''Fraxinus nigra''''' ('''Black Ash''') is a species of ''[[Fraxinus]]'' (ash) native to much of eastern [[Canada]] and the northeastern [[United States]], from western [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] west to southeastern [[Manitoba]], and south to [[Illinois]] and northern [[Virginia]].<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?301 ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref>
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 15–20 m (exceptionally 26 m) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm (exceptionally 160 cm) diameter. The [[bark]] is grey, thick and corky even on young trees, becoming scaly and fissured with age. The winter buds are dark brown to blackish, with a velvety texture. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, pinnate, with 7–13 (most often 9) leaflets; each leaf is 20–45 cm long, the leaflets 7–16 cm long and 2.5–5 cm broad, with a finely toothed margin. The leaflets are sessile, directly attached to the rachis without a [[petiole (botany)|petiolule]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring shortly before the new leaves, in loose [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] 2.5–4.5 cm long comprising a single [[seed]] 2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 1.5–2 cm long and 6–8 mm broad.<ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub: [http://scf.rncan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/blackash ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref><ref name=vplants>Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: [http://www.vplants.org/plants/species/species.jsp?gid=17018 ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref><ref name=usfs>USDA Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/fraxinus/nigra.htm ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref>
It is a medium-sized [[deciduous]] [[tree]] reaching 15–20 m (exceptionally 26 m) tall with a trunk up to 60 cm (exceptionally 160 cm) diameter. The [[bark]] is grey, thick and corky even on young trees, becoming scaly and fissured with age. The winter buds are dark brown to blackish, with a velvety texture. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, pinnate, with 7–13 (most often 9) leaflets; each leaf is 20–45 cm long, the leaflets 7–16 cm long and 2.5–5 cm broad, with a finely toothed margin. The leaflets are sessile, directly attached to the rachis without a [[petiole (botany)|petiolule]]. The [[flower]]s are produced in spring shortly before the new leaves, in loose [[panicle]]s; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The [[fruit]] is a [[Samara (fruit)|samara]] 2.5–4.5 cm long comprising a single [[seed]] 2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 1.5–2 cm long and 6–8 mm broad.<ref name=nb>New Brunswick tree and shrub: [http://scf.rncan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/blackash ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref><ref name=vplants>Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region: [http://www.vplants.org/plants/species/species.jsp?gid=17018 ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref><ref name=usfs>USDA Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/fraxinus/nigra.htm ''Fraxinus nigra'']</ref>
It commonly occurs in [[swamp]]s, often with the closely related [[Fraxinus pennsylvanica|Green Ash]]. The fall foliage is yellow. Black Ash is one of the first trees to lose its leaves in the fall.
It commonly occurs in [[swamp]]s, often with the closely related [[Fraxinus pennsylvanica|Green Ash]]. The fall foliage is yellow. Black Ash is one of the first trees to lose its leaves in the fall.