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|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

|sun_ref=Flora - A Gardener's Encyclopedia

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|image_caption=''[[Del Norte Titan]]'', the fourth largest coast redwood.

|image_caption=''[[Del Norte Titan]]'', the fourth largest coast redwood.

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'''''Sequoia sempervirens''''' ({{IPA|sɛkwɔɪ.ə ˌsɛmpərˈvɪrənz|lang}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607<br>{{OED|sempervirent}}</ref> is the sole living [[species]] of the [[genus]] '''''Sequoia''''' in the cypress family [[Cupressaceae]] (formerly treated in [[Taxodiaceae]]). Common names include '''coast redwood''', '''giant redwood''' and '''California redwood''' (it is one of three species of trees known as redwoods, but ''redwood'' per se normally refers to this species). It is an [[evergreen]], long-lived, [[Plant_sexuality#Individual_plant_sexuality|monoecious]] [[tree]] living for up to 2,200 years, and this species includes the tallest trees on Earth, reaching up to 115.5&nbsp;m (379.1&nbsp;ft) in height and 8&nbsp;m (26&nbsp;ft) [[diameter at breast height]]. It is native to coastal [[California]] and the southwestern corner of [[Oregon]] within the [[United States]].

'''''Sequoia sempervirens''''' ({{IPA|sɛkwɔɪ.ə ˌsɛmpərˈvɪrənz|lang}})<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607<br>{{OED|sempervirent}}</ref> is the sole living [[species]] of the [[genus]] '''''Sequoia''''' in the cypress family [[Cupressaceae]] (formerly treated in [[Taxodiaceae]]). Common names include '''coast redwood''', '''giant redwood''' and '''California redwood''' (it is one of three species of trees known as redwoods, but ''redwood'' per se normally refers to this species). It is an [[evergreen]], long-lived, [[Plant_sexuality#Individual_plant_sexuality|monoecious]] [[tree]] living for up to 2,200 years, and this species includes the tallest trees on Earth, reaching up to 115.5 m (379.1 ft) in height and 8 m (26 ft) [[diameter at breast height]]. It is native to coastal [[California]] and the southwestern corner of [[Oregon]] within the [[United States]].

The name '''sequoia''' is sometimes used as a general term for the subfamily [[Sequoioideae]] in which this genus is classified, together with ''[[Sequoiadendron]]'' (Giant Sequoia) and ''[[Metasequoia]]'' (Dawn Redwood); as a common name, it usually refers to ''Sequoiadendron''.

The name '''sequoia''' is sometimes used as a general term for the subfamily [[Sequoioideae]] in which this genus is classified, together with ''[[Sequoiadendron]]'' (Giant Sequoia) and ''[[Metasequoia]]'' (Dawn Redwood); as a common name, it usually refers to ''Sequoiadendron''.

[[File:Coast redwood bark.jpg|thumb|left|Detail: bark]]

[[File:Coast redwood bark.jpg|thumb|left|Detail: bark]]

Coast redwoods have a [[conical]] crown, with horizontal to slightly drooping branches. The [[bark]] is very thick, up to 30&nbsp;cm (12&nbsp;in), and quite soft, fibrous with a bright red-brown when freshly exposed (hence the name ''redwood''), weathering darker. The [[root]] system is composed of shallow, wide-spreading lateral roots. The [[leaf|leaves]] are variable, being {{convert|15|–|25|mm|in}} long and flat on young trees and shaded shoots in the lower crown of old trees, and scale-like, {{convert|5|–|10|mm|in}} long on shoots in full sun in the upper crown of older trees; there is a full range of transition between the two extremes. They are dark green above, and with two blue-white [[stomata]]l bands below. Leaf arrangement is spiral, but the larger shade leaves are twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane for maximum light capture. The [[Conifer cone|seed cones]] are ovoid, {{convert|15|–|32|mm|in}} long, with 15–25 spirally arranged scales; [[pollination]] is in late winter with maturation about 8–9 months after. Each cone scale bears 3–7 [[seed]]s, each seed {{convert|3|–|4|mm|in}} long and {{convert|0.5|mm|in}} broad, with two wings {{convert|1|mm|in}} wide. The seeds are released when the cone scales dry out and open at maturity. The pollen cones are oval, {{convert|4|–|6|mm|in}} long. The species is [[plant sexuality|monoecious]], with pollen and seed cones on the same plant.  

Coast redwoods have a [[conical]] crown, with horizontal to slightly drooping branches. The [[bark]] is very thick, up to 30 cm (12 in), and quite soft, fibrous with a bright red-brown when freshly exposed (hence the name ''redwood''), weathering darker. The [[root]] system is composed of shallow, wide-spreading lateral roots. The [[leaf|leaves]] are variable, being {{convert|15|–|25|mm|in}} long and flat on young trees and shaded shoots in the lower crown of old trees, and scale-like, {{convert|5|–|10|mm|in}} long on shoots in full sun in the upper crown of older trees; there is a full range of transition between the two extremes. They are dark green above, and with two blue-white [[stomata]]l bands below. Leaf arrangement is spiral, but the larger shade leaves are twisted at the base to lie in a flat plane for maximum light capture. The [[Conifer cone|seed cones]] are ovoid, {{convert|15|–|32|mm|in}} long, with 15–25 spirally arranged scales; [[pollination]] is in late winter with maturation about 8–9 months after. Each cone scale bears 3–7 [[seed]]s, each seed {{convert|3|–|4|mm|in}} long and {{convert|0.5|mm|in}} broad, with two wings {{convert|1|mm|in}} wide. The seeds are released when the cone scales dry out and open at maturity. The pollen cones are oval, {{convert|4|–|6|mm|in}} long. The species is [[plant sexuality|monoecious]], with pollen and seed cones on the same plant.  

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