94,129
edits
Changes
no edit summary
{{Plantbox
| color = IndianRed
| name = ''Lycoris''
| image = Higanbana in a woods.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Lycoris radiata'', a species with long stamens
}}
[[Image:Kitsunenokamisori 06c6701svp.jpg|thumb|''Lycoris sanguinea'', a species with short stamens]]
[[Image:TYOU&HIGANBANA.JPG|thumbnail|230px|[[Lycoris]] and [[butterfly]]（[[Papilio xuthus]] Linnaeus 1767）in [[Japan]]]]
'''''Lycoris''''' is a [[genus]] of 13–20 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Amaryllidaceae]]. In English they are also called hurricane lilies or cluster amaryllises. The genus shares the English name [[spider lily]] with two other related genera.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?7059 ''Lycoris'']</ref>
They are [[bulb]]-producing [[perennial plant]]s. The [[leaf|leaves]] are long and slender, 30–60 cm long and only 0.5–2 cm broad. The [[scape (botany)|scape]] is erect, 30–70 cm tall, bearing a terminal [[umbel]] of four to eight [[flower]]s, which can be white, yellow, orange, or red. The flowers divide into two types, those very long, filamentous [[stamen]]s two or three times as long as the [[tepal]]s (subgenus ''Lycoris''; e.g. ''Lycoris radiata''), and those with shorter stamens not much longer than the tepals (subgenus ''Symmanthus'' Traub & Moldenke; e.g. ''Lycoris sanguinea''). The [[fruit]] is a three-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing several black [[seed]]s. Many of the species are sterile, reproducing only vegetatively, and are probably of [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin; several additional known hybrids occur.<ref name=lycoris/><ref name=lycoris2>What is the Genus ''Lycoris''?: [http://www5e.biglobe.ne.jp/~lycoris/lycoris-origin.of.sterile.taxa.html Species Evolution by Hybridization in the genus Lycoris]</ref><ref name=foc/>
===Selected species===
*''[[Lycoris anhuiensis]]'' Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris aurea]]'' (Golden Spider Lily) (L'Hér.) Herb.
*''[[Lycoris caldwellii]]'' (Magic Lily) Traub
*''[[Lycoris chinensis]]'' (Yellow Surprise Lily) Traub
*''[[Lycoris guangxiensis]]'' Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris incarnata]]'' (Peppermint Surprise Lily) Comes ex Sprenger
*''[[Lycoris longituba]]'' (Long Tube Surprise Lily) Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris radiata]]'' (Spider Lily) (L'Hér.) Herb.
*''[[Lycoris sanguinea]]'' (Orange Spider Lily) Maxim.
*''[[Lycoris shaanxiensis]]'' Y.Xu & Z.B.Hu
*''[[Lycoris sprengeri]]'' (Tie Dye Surprise Lily) Comes ex Baker
*''[[Lycoris squamigera]]'' (Naked Lady, Surprise Lily, Magic Lily, Resurrection Lily) Maxim.
*''[[Lycoris straminea]]'' Lindl.;Hybrids
*''Lycoris × albiflora'' (White Spider Lily) Koidz. (natural hybrid, parentage uncertain)
*''Lycoris × houdyshelii'' (Surprise Lily) Traub (cultivated hybrid, unknown origin)
*''Lycoris × rosea'' Traub & Moldenke (probably ''L. radiata'' × ''L. sprengeri'')
==Cultivation==
Plant bulbs in autumn, with neck of bulb at surface level of soil. Under glass, grow in potting soil under full light. Top-dress when grown begins, then give plenty of water and use balanced fertilizer until leaves die down. Keep dry while dormant (summer). Outdoors, grow in fertile soil with good drainage, under full sun. Protect with dry winter mulch if you are in a marginal cold zone.
==Propagation==
Sow seeds at 45-54ºF (6-12ºC) as soon as ripe. Remove offsets after flowering.
==Pests and diseases==
Rare.
==Uses==
==History==
==Taxonomy==
{{Taxbox
| color = IndianRed
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Amaryllidaceae]]
| genus = '''''Lycoris'''''
| genus_authority = [[William Herbert|Herb.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = See text
}}
Formerly often treated in the family [[Liliaceae]]
==Distribution and habitat==
''Lycoris'' are extensively cultivated as [[ornamental plant]]s in Japan and China, and also in other warm temperate regions of the world. In Japan, they are widely used at the edges of [[rice]] [[paddy field]]s to provide a strip of bright flowers in the summer, and over 230 [[cultivar]]s have been selected for garden use. They are locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] in the southeastern [[United States]], where they are often called hurricane flowers.
They are native to eastern and southern [[Asia]] in [[Japan]], southern [[Korea]], eastern and southern [[China]], northern [[Vietnam]], northern [[Laos]], northern [[Thailand]], northern [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], northern [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], and eastern [[Iran]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
<gallery>
Image:Lycoris aurea.jpg|''Lycoris aurea'', a species with long stamens
Image:Lycoris radiata Ans1.jpg|''Lycoris radiata'' is an important cultural icon in Japan
Image:Lycoris squamigera2.jpg|''Lycoris squamigera'', a species with short stamens
Image:Red spider lily October 2007 Osaka Japan.jpg|''Lycoris radiata'', Red spider lily
</gallery>
==External links==
* [http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_higanbanaka.htm Images of ''Lycoris''] Flavon's art gallery - Amaryllidaceae
[[Category:Amaryllidaceae]]
| color = IndianRed
| name = ''Lycoris''
| image = Higanbana in a woods.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''Lycoris radiata'', a species with long stamens
}}
[[Image:Kitsunenokamisori 06c6701svp.jpg|thumb|''Lycoris sanguinea'', a species with short stamens]]
[[Image:TYOU&HIGANBANA.JPG|thumbnail|230px|[[Lycoris]] and [[butterfly]]（[[Papilio xuthus]] Linnaeus 1767）in [[Japan]]]]
'''''Lycoris''''' is a [[genus]] of 13–20 species of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Amaryllidaceae]]. In English they are also called hurricane lilies or cluster amaryllises. The genus shares the English name [[spider lily]] with two other related genera.<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?7059 ''Lycoris'']</ref>
They are [[bulb]]-producing [[perennial plant]]s. The [[leaf|leaves]] are long and slender, 30–60 cm long and only 0.5–2 cm broad. The [[scape (botany)|scape]] is erect, 30–70 cm tall, bearing a terminal [[umbel]] of four to eight [[flower]]s, which can be white, yellow, orange, or red. The flowers divide into two types, those very long, filamentous [[stamen]]s two or three times as long as the [[tepal]]s (subgenus ''Lycoris''; e.g. ''Lycoris radiata''), and those with shorter stamens not much longer than the tepals (subgenus ''Symmanthus'' Traub & Moldenke; e.g. ''Lycoris sanguinea''). The [[fruit]] is a three-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing several black [[seed]]s. Many of the species are sterile, reproducing only vegetatively, and are probably of [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] origin; several additional known hybrids occur.<ref name=lycoris/><ref name=lycoris2>What is the Genus ''Lycoris''?: [http://www5e.biglobe.ne.jp/~lycoris/lycoris-origin.of.sterile.taxa.html Species Evolution by Hybridization in the genus Lycoris]</ref><ref name=foc/>
===Selected species===
*''[[Lycoris anhuiensis]]'' Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris aurea]]'' (Golden Spider Lily) (L'Hér.) Herb.
*''[[Lycoris caldwellii]]'' (Magic Lily) Traub
*''[[Lycoris chinensis]]'' (Yellow Surprise Lily) Traub
*''[[Lycoris guangxiensis]]'' Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris incarnata]]'' (Peppermint Surprise Lily) Comes ex Sprenger
*''[[Lycoris longituba]]'' (Long Tube Surprise Lily) Y.Xu & G.J.Fan
*''[[Lycoris radiata]]'' (Spider Lily) (L'Hér.) Herb.
*''[[Lycoris sanguinea]]'' (Orange Spider Lily) Maxim.
*''[[Lycoris shaanxiensis]]'' Y.Xu & Z.B.Hu
*''[[Lycoris sprengeri]]'' (Tie Dye Surprise Lily) Comes ex Baker
*''[[Lycoris squamigera]]'' (Naked Lady, Surprise Lily, Magic Lily, Resurrection Lily) Maxim.
*''[[Lycoris straminea]]'' Lindl.;Hybrids
*''Lycoris × albiflora'' (White Spider Lily) Koidz. (natural hybrid, parentage uncertain)
*''Lycoris × houdyshelii'' (Surprise Lily) Traub (cultivated hybrid, unknown origin)
*''Lycoris × rosea'' Traub & Moldenke (probably ''L. radiata'' × ''L. sprengeri'')
==Cultivation==
Plant bulbs in autumn, with neck of bulb at surface level of soil. Under glass, grow in potting soil under full light. Top-dress when grown begins, then give plenty of water and use balanced fertilizer until leaves die down. Keep dry while dormant (summer). Outdoors, grow in fertile soil with good drainage, under full sun. Protect with dry winter mulch if you are in a marginal cold zone.
==Propagation==
Sow seeds at 45-54ºF (6-12ºC) as soon as ripe. Remove offsets after flowering.
==Pests and diseases==
Rare.
==Uses==
==History==
==Taxonomy==
{{Taxbox
| color = IndianRed
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Amaryllidaceae]]
| genus = '''''Lycoris'''''
| genus_authority = [[William Herbert|Herb.]]
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = See text
}}
Formerly often treated in the family [[Liliaceae]]
==Distribution and habitat==
''Lycoris'' are extensively cultivated as [[ornamental plant]]s in Japan and China, and also in other warm temperate regions of the world. In Japan, they are widely used at the edges of [[rice]] [[paddy field]]s to provide a strip of bright flowers in the summer, and over 230 [[cultivar]]s have been selected for garden use. They are locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] in the southeastern [[United States]], where they are often called hurricane flowers.
They are native to eastern and southern [[Asia]] in [[Japan]], southern [[Korea]], eastern and southern [[China]], northern [[Vietnam]], northern [[Laos]], northern [[Thailand]], northern [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], northern [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], and eastern [[Iran]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
<gallery>
Image:Lycoris aurea.jpg|''Lycoris aurea'', a species with long stamens
Image:Lycoris radiata Ans1.jpg|''Lycoris radiata'' is an important cultural icon in Japan
Image:Lycoris squamigera2.jpg|''Lycoris squamigera'', a species with short stamens
Image:Red spider lily October 2007 Osaka Japan.jpg|''Lycoris radiata'', Red spider lily
</gallery>
==External links==
* [http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/art/index_higanbanaka.htm Images of ''Lycoris''] Flavon's art gallery - Amaryllidaceae
[[Category:Amaryllidaceae]]