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{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Gesneriaceae
| image = Haberlea rhodopensis0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Haberlea rhodopensis]]''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = '''Gesneriaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph du Mortier|Dumortier]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Gesneriaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3200 species in the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Most species are perennial [[herb]]s or [[subshrub]]s but a few are woody shrubs or small [[tree]]s. On the basis of both morphological and biogeographical differences the family is divided into two major subfamilies: subfamily Cyrtandroideae in the [[Old World]] and subfamily Gesnerioideae in the [[New World]]. The biggest and most widespread genus is ''[[Cyrtandra]]'', with about 600 species widely distributed in [[Southeast Asia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], and the islands of the [[Pacific]] as far away as the [[Hawaiian Islands]].
Several genera in the family have become popular as houseplants. The most familiar members of the family to gardeners are the [[African Violet]]s in the genus ''[[Saintpaulia]]''. Gesneriads are divided culturally into three groups on the basis of whether, and how, their stems are modified into storage organs: [[Rhizome|rhizomatous]], [[tuber]]ous, and "fibrous-rooted", meaning those that lack such storage structures (although all gesneriads have fibrous roots).
The genus ''[[Rehmannia]]'' has sometimes been included in Gesneriaceae but is now referred to the family [[Scrophulariaceae]].
Botanists who have made significant contributions to the systematics of the family are [[George Bentham]], [[Robert Brown]], [[B.L. Burtt]], [[C.B. Clarke]], [[Olive M. Hilliard]], [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], [[William Jackson Hooker]], [[Elmer Drew Merrill]], [[Harold E. Moore, Jr.]], [[Conrad Vernon Morton]], [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], [[Laurence Skog]], [[W.T. Wang]], [[Anton Weber]], and [[Hans Wiehler]]. Several researchers are currently working on this group and the generic classification has been changing rapidly.
The family name is based on the genus ''Gesneria'', which honors [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[humanism|humanist]] [[Conrad Gessner]].
;Selected genera
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Achimenes]]''
*''[[Aeschynanthus]]''
*''[[Agalmyla]]''
*''[[Alloplectus]]''
*''[[Alsobia]]''
*''[[Ancylostemon]]''
*''[[Anodiscus]]''
*''[[Asteranthera]]''
*''[[Besleria]]''
*''[[Boea]]''
*''[[Briggsia]]''
*''[[Bucinellina]]''
*''[[Capanea]]''
*''[[Chirita]]''
*''[[Chrysothemis (genus)|Chrysothemis]]''
*''[[Codonanthe]]''
*''[[Columnea]]''
*''[[Conandron]]''
*''[[Corallodiscus]]''
*''[[Crantzia]]''
*''[[Cyrtandra]]''
*''[[Diastema (genus)|Diastema]]''
*''[[Didissandra]]''
*''[[Didymocarpus]]''
*''[[Drymonia]]''
*''[[Episcia]]'' (Flame Violet)
*''[[Eucodonia]]''
*''[[Gasteranthus]]''
*''[[Gesneria]]''
*''[[Glossoloma]]''
*''[[Gloxinella]]''
*''[[Gloxinia (genus)|Gloxinia]]''
*''[[Gloxiniopsis]]''
*''[[Haberlea]]''
*''[[Hemiboea]]''
|
*''[[Henckelia]]''
*''[[Isometrum]]''
*''[[Jancaea]]''
*''[[Koellikeria]]''
*''[[Kohleria]]''
*''[[Loxostigma]]''
*''[[Lysionotus]]''
*''[[Mandirola]]''
*''[[Mitraria]]''
*''[[Monopyle]]''
*''[[Nautilocalyx]]''
*''[[Nematanthus]]'' (Goldfish Plant)
*''[[Neomortonia]]''
*''[[Niphaea]]''
*''[[Nomopyle]]''
*''[[Opithandra]]''
*''[[Oreocharis]]''
*''[[Paliavana]]''
*''[[Paraboea]]''
*''[[Pearcea]]''
*''[[Petrocosmea]]''
*''[[Phinaea]]''
*''[[Ramonda]]''
*''[[Raphiocarpus]]''
*''[[Sarmienta]]''
*''[[Saintpaulia]]'' (African Violet)
*''[[Seemannia]]''
*''[[Sinningia]]''
*''[[Smithiantha]]'' (Temple Bells)
*''[[Sphaerorrhiza]]''
*''[[Stauranthera]]''
*''[[Streptocarpus]]'' (Cape Primrose)
*''[[Titanotrichum]]''
|}
===External links===
*[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist/ World Checkli
st of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/ Genera of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://gesneriads.ca/ Gesneriad Reference Web]
*[http://www.gesneriads.ca/Articles/Weber%20-%20Scientific%20Overview/Gesneriaceae_Article_Weber.htm Gesneriaceae: A Scientific Overview, by Prof. Anton Weber] (on the Gesneriad Reference Web)
*[http://www.gesneriadsociety.org/ The Gesneriad Society] (formerly the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society)
*[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/bibliography/ Annotated Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae]
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/2/296 Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences] (link to abstract)
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/6/1017/ Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade]
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/emuwebnswlive/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=39062&reftable=ebibliography Weber, A. 2004. Gesneriaceae and Scrophulariaceae: Robert Brown and now. ''Telopea'' 10(2): 543-571.]
[[Category:Gesneriaceae| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
| color = lightgreen
| name = Gesneriaceae
| image = Haberlea rhodopensis0.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Haberlea rhodopensis]]''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Lamiales]]
| familia = '''Gesneriaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph du Mortier|Dumortier]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Gesneriaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3200 species in the [[Old World]] and [[New World]] tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Most species are perennial [[herb]]s or [[subshrub]]s but a few are woody shrubs or small [[tree]]s. On the basis of both morphological and biogeographical differences the family is divided into two major subfamilies: subfamily Cyrtandroideae in the [[Old World]] and subfamily Gesnerioideae in the [[New World]]. The biggest and most widespread genus is ''[[Cyrtandra]]'', with about 600 species widely distributed in [[Southeast Asia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], the [[Philippines]], and the islands of the [[Pacific]] as far away as the [[Hawaiian Islands]].
Several genera in the family have become popular as houseplants. The most familiar members of the family to gardeners are the [[African Violet]]s in the genus ''[[Saintpaulia]]''. Gesneriads are divided culturally into three groups on the basis of whether, and how, their stems are modified into storage organs: [[Rhizome|rhizomatous]], [[tuber]]ous, and "fibrous-rooted", meaning those that lack such storage structures (although all gesneriads have fibrous roots).
The genus ''[[Rehmannia]]'' has sometimes been included in Gesneriaceae but is now referred to the family [[Scrophulariaceae]].
Botanists who have made significant contributions to the systematics of the family are [[George Bentham]], [[Robert Brown]], [[B.L. Burtt]], [[C.B. Clarke]], [[Olive M. Hilliard]], [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], [[William Jackson Hooker]], [[Elmer Drew Merrill]], [[Harold E. Moore, Jr.]], [[Conrad Vernon Morton]], [[Henry Nicholas Ridley]], [[Laurence Skog]], [[W.T. Wang]], [[Anton Weber]], and [[Hans Wiehler]]. Several researchers are currently working on this group and the generic classification has been changing rapidly.
The family name is based on the genus ''Gesneria'', which honors [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[humanism|humanist]] [[Conrad Gessner]].
;Selected genera
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Achimenes]]''
*''[[Aeschynanthus]]''
*''[[Agalmyla]]''
*''[[Alloplectus]]''
*''[[Alsobia]]''
*''[[Ancylostemon]]''
*''[[Anodiscus]]''
*''[[Asteranthera]]''
*''[[Besleria]]''
*''[[Boea]]''
*''[[Briggsia]]''
*''[[Bucinellina]]''
*''[[Capanea]]''
*''[[Chirita]]''
*''[[Chrysothemis (genus)|Chrysothemis]]''
*''[[Codonanthe]]''
*''[[Columnea]]''
*''[[Conandron]]''
*''[[Corallodiscus]]''
*''[[Crantzia]]''
*''[[Cyrtandra]]''
*''[[Diastema (genus)|Diastema]]''
*''[[Didissandra]]''
*''[[Didymocarpus]]''
*''[[Drymonia]]''
*''[[Episcia]]'' (Flame Violet)
*''[[Eucodonia]]''
*''[[Gasteranthus]]''
*''[[Gesneria]]''
*''[[Glossoloma]]''
*''[[Gloxinella]]''
*''[[Gloxinia (genus)|Gloxinia]]''
*''[[Gloxiniopsis]]''
*''[[Haberlea]]''
*''[[Hemiboea]]''
|
*''[[Henckelia]]''
*''[[Isometrum]]''
*''[[Jancaea]]''
*''[[Koellikeria]]''
*''[[Kohleria]]''
*''[[Loxostigma]]''
*''[[Lysionotus]]''
*''[[Mandirola]]''
*''[[Mitraria]]''
*''[[Monopyle]]''
*''[[Nautilocalyx]]''
*''[[Nematanthus]]'' (Goldfish Plant)
*''[[Neomortonia]]''
*''[[Niphaea]]''
*''[[Nomopyle]]''
*''[[Opithandra]]''
*''[[Oreocharis]]''
*''[[Paliavana]]''
*''[[Paraboea]]''
*''[[Pearcea]]''
*''[[Petrocosmea]]''
*''[[Phinaea]]''
*''[[Ramonda]]''
*''[[Raphiocarpus]]''
*''[[Sarmienta]]''
*''[[Saintpaulia]]'' (African Violet)
*''[[Seemannia]]''
*''[[Sinningia]]''
*''[[Smithiantha]]'' (Temple Bells)
*''[[Sphaerorrhiza]]''
*''[[Stauranthera]]''
*''[[Streptocarpus]]'' (Cape Primrose)
*''[[Titanotrichum]]''
|}
===External links===
*[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist/ World Checkli
st of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/ Genera of Gesneriaceae]
*[http://gesneriads.ca/ Gesneriad Reference Web]
*[http://www.gesneriads.ca/Articles/Weber%20-%20Scientific%20Overview/Gesneriaceae_Article_Weber.htm Gesneriaceae: A Scientific Overview, by Prof. Anton Weber] (on the Gesneriad Reference Web)
*[http://www.gesneriadsociety.org/ The Gesneriad Society] (formerly the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society)
*[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/bibliography/ Annotated Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae]
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/2/296 Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences] (link to abstract)
*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/6/1017/ Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade]
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/emuwebnswlive/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=39062&reftable=ebibliography Weber, A. 2004. Gesneriaceae and Scrophulariaceae: Robert Brown and now. ''Telopea'' 10(2): 543-571.]
[[Category:Gesneriaceae| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]