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Mulberry (view source)

Revision as of 19:12, 13 March 2009

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{{otheruses}}
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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{{Taxobox
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| name = ''Morus''
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| color = lightgreen
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| common_names = Mulberry
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| name = Mulberry
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| growth_habit = tree
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| high =    <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin =    <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan = perennial
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| exposure = full sun
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| water =    <!--- frequent, regular, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5[[Celsius|°C]], etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones =    <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones = vary by species
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Mulberry larger.jpg
 
| image = Mulberry larger.jpg
 
| image_width = 250px
 
| image_width = 250px
 
| image_caption = Ripe mulberry on tree
 
| image_caption = Ripe mulberry on tree
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| phylum = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
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| classis = Magnoliopsida
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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| ordo = Rosales
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| familia = [[Moraceae]]
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| familia = Moraceae
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| genus = '''''Morus'''''
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| genus = Morus
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| genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
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| subdivision = See text.
   
}}
 
}}
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{{edit-desc}}<!--- Type GENERAL genus/plant description below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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'''Mulberry''' ('''''Morus''''') is a genus of 10–16 species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of [[Asia]], [[Africa]] and [[North America]], with the majority of the species native to [[Asia]].
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The closely related genus ''[[Broussonetia]]'' is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the [[Paper Mulberry]] ''Broussonetia papyrifera''.
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==Cultivation==
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{{monthbox
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| color = IndianRed
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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Mulberries are fast-growing when young, but soon become slow-growing and rarely exceed 10-15 m tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternately arranged, simple, often lobed, more often lobed on juvenile shoots than on mature trees, and serrated on the margin. The [[fruit]] is a [[Fruit#Multiple fruit|multiple fruit]], 2-3 cm long, red ripening to dark purple, edible, and sweet with a good flavour in several species.
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
    
==Species==
 
==Species==
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The taxonomy of ''Morus'' is complex and disputed. Over 150 species names have been published, but only 10-16 are generally cited as being accepted, though different sources cite ''different'' selections of accepted names. The classification is also complicated by widespread [[hybrid]]isation, with the hybrids being fertile.  
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''Morus'' taxonomy is complicated and under dispute. Just 10–16 species of the many named are generally accepted, though there are different groups accepting different names. Large amounts of hybridization has also complicate their classification, with generally fertile hybrids.  
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The following species are generally accepted:
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These species are generally accepted:
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{|
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*''Morus alba'' ([[White Mulberry]]; eastern Asia)
 
*''Morus alba'' ([[White Mulberry]]; eastern Asia)
 
*''Morus australis'' ([[Morus australis|Chinese Mulberry]]; southeastern Asia)
 
*''Morus australis'' ([[Morus australis|Chinese Mulberry]]; southeastern Asia)
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*''Morus mesozygia'' ([[African Mulberry]]; southern and central Africa)
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*''Morus celtidifolia'' (Mexico)
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*''Morus insignis'' (South America)
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*''Morus mesozygia'' ([[Morus mesozygia|African Mulberry]]; southern and central Africa)
 
*''Morus microphylla'' ([[Texas Mulberry]]; south central North America: Texas, Mexico)
 
*''Morus microphylla'' ([[Texas Mulberry]]; south central North America: Texas, Mexico)
 
*''Morus nigra'' ([[Black Mulberry]]; southwest Asia)
 
*''Morus nigra'' ([[Black Mulberry]]; southwest Asia)
 
*''Morus rubra'' ([[Red Mulberry]]; eastern North America)
 
*''Morus rubra'' ([[Red Mulberry]]; eastern North America)
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|}
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The following, all from eastern and southern Asia, are additionally accepted by one or more taxonomic lists or studies; [[synonymy]] as given by other lists or studies is indicated in brackets:
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This list of Morus are all from E and SE Asia.  They are additionally accepted by at least one taxonomic list/study; [[synonymy]] as given by other lists/studies is shown in parentheses:
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{|
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*''Morus atropurpurea''
 
*''Morus atropurpurea''
 
*''Morus bombycis'' (''M. australis'')
 
*''Morus bombycis'' (''M. australis'')
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*''Morus latifolia'' (''M. alba'')
 
*''Morus latifolia'' (''M. alba'')
 
*''Morus liboensis''
 
*''Morus liboensis''
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*''Morus macroura'' (''M. alba'' var. ''laevigata'')
 
*''Morus macroura'' (''M. alba'' var. ''laevigata'')
 
*''Morus mongolica'' (''M. alba'' var. ''mongolica'')
 
*''Morus mongolica'' (''M. alba'' var. ''mongolica'')
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*''Morus notabilis''  
 
*''Morus notabilis''  
 
*''Morus rotundiloba''
 
*''Morus rotundiloba''
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*''Morus serrata'' ([[Himalayan Mulberry]]; ''M. alba'' var. ''serrata'')
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*''Morus serrata'' ([[Morus serrata|Himalayan Mulberry]]; ''M. alba'' var. ''serrata'')
 
*''Morus tillaefolia''  
 
*''Morus tillaefolia''  
 
*''Morus trilobata'' (''M. australis'' var. trilobata'')
 
*''Morus trilobata'' (''M. australis'' var. trilobata'')
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*''Morus wittiorum''  
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*''Morus wittiorum''
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|}
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==Uses and cultivation==
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The fruit is edible and is widely used in pies, tarts, wines and cordials. The fruit of the Black Mulberry, native to southwest Asia, and the Red Mulberry, native to eastern North America, have the strongest flavour. The fruit of the White Mulberry, an east Asian species which is extensively naturalised in urban regions of eastern North America has a different flavour, sometimes characterised as insipid. The mature fruit contains significant amounts of [[resveratrol]].
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Black, red and white Mulberry are widespread in Northern [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], where the tree and the fruit are known by the [[Persian]]-derived names ''Toot'' (Mulberry) or ''Shehtoot'' (Royal or "Superior" Mulberry). [[Jam]]s and [[sherbet]]s are often made from the fruit in this region.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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Mulberry [[leaf|leaves]], particularly those of the White Mulberry[Check: maybe the black ones instead?], are also economically important as the sole food source of the [[silkworm]], the [[Pupa#Cocoon|cocoon]] of which is used to make [[silk]]. Other [[Lepidoptera]] [[larva]]e also sometimes feed on the plant including [[Common Emerald]], [[Mimas tiliae|Lime Hawk-moth]] and [[Sycamore (mot
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<gallery>
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h)|The Sycamore]].
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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Mulberries can be grown from seed, and this is often advised as seedling-grown trees are generally of better shape and health. However, they are most often planted from large cuttings, which take root readily.
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==References==
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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==Mythology==
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==External links==
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A Greek myth about [[Pyramus and Thisbe]] explains the color of the plants.
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*{{wplink}}
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==References and external links==
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{{stub}}
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121220 Flora of China: ''Morus'']
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=121220 Flora of North America: ''Morus'']
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*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Morus.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Morus'' names]
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*[http://www.museums.org.za/bio/plants/moraceae/ Museum of Cape Town: Moraceae]
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*Zhao Weiguo, Pan Yile, Zhang Zhifang Jia Shihai, Miao Xuexia & Huang Yongping. 2005. Phylogeny of the genus Morus. ''African Journal of Biotechnology'' 4 (6): 563-569 [http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/Pdf2005/Jun/Weiguo%20et%20al.pdf Online (pdf file)]
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[[Category:Moraceae]]
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[[Category:Fruit]]
 
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