Changes

''[[Bark]]''. The word is often used in a general way to designate the softer outer envelope of a stem or root. In this sense, it includes all that peels readily, as the bark of the hemlock and oak, used for tanning leather. In a stricter sense, it is applied to the corky layers formed on the outer surface of woody plants. It is formed from an active layer of tissue,—the phellogen. The bark is developed in different ways on different trees. So distinct are the resulting tissues that species of trees may be readily recognized by their bark alone. Cork of commerce is the bark of the cork oak, a native of southwestern Europe. Inasmuch as the word covers so many structures, it is little used by botanists in technical descriptions.

''[[Bark]]''. The word is often used in a general way to designate the softer outer envelope of a stem or root. In this sense, it includes all that peels readily, as the bark of the hemlock and oak, used for tanning leather. In a stricter sense, it is applied to the corky layers formed on the outer surface of woody plants. It is formed from an active layer of tissue,—the phellogen. The bark is developed in different ways on different trees. So distinct are the resulting tissues that species of trees may be readily recognized by their bark alone. Cork of commerce is the bark of the cork oak, a native of southwestern Europe. Inasmuch as the word covers so many structures, it is little used by botanists in technical descriptions.

''[[Bark-grafting]]''. A kind of grafting in which the cions are inserted between the bark and wood of a stub; often, but erroneously, called crown-grafting.

''[[Bark-grafting]]''. A kind of grafting in which the [[cion]]s are inserted between the bark and wood of a stub; often, but erroneously, called crown-grafting.

''[[Base]]''. The bottom or lower end of a part or structure or organ, even though this part may be uppermost as the organ hangs on the plant.

''[[Base]]''. The bottom or lower end of a part or structure or organ, even though this part may be uppermost as the organ hangs on the plant.

''[[Basifixed]]''. Attached or fixed by the base, as an ovule that is affixed to its support by its bottom rather than by its side or by an angle.

''[[Basifixed]]''. Attached or fixed by the base, as an [[ovule]] that is affixed to its support by its bottom rather than by its side or by an angle.

''[[Basin]]''. The depression at the apex or blossom-end of an apple or other pome fruit.

''[[Basin]]''. The depression at the apex or blossom-end of an apple or other [[pome]] fruit.

''[[Basinerved]]''. All the ribs or nerves of a leaf or petal starting from its base.

''[[Basinerved]]''. All the ribs or nerves of a leaf or [[petal]] starting from its base.

''[[Bast]]''. The soft part of the fibro-vascular bundles in plants, abundant in the inner bark. It increases in thickness simultaneously with the wood, but much less rapidly. The fibrous elements in the bast of basswood have been used in making cordage; also in making strong paper.

''[[Bast]]''. The soft part of the fibro-vascular bundles in plants, abundant in the inner bark. It increases in thickness simultaneously with the wood, but much less rapidly. The fibrous elements in the bast of basswood have been used in making cordage; also in making strong paper.

''[[Beak]]''. A long prominent and substantial point; applied particularly to prolongations of fruits and carpels.

''[[Beak]]''. A long prominent and substantial point; applied particularly to prolongations of fruits and [[carpel]]s.

''[[Beard]]''. A long awn or bristle-like hair.

''[[Beard]]''. A long [[awn]] or bristle-like hair.

''[[Berry]]''. Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; technically, the pulpy fruit resulting from a single pistil, containing one or more seeds but no true stone, as the tomato.

''[[Berry]]''. Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; technically, the pulpy fruit resulting from a single [[pistil]], containing one or more seeds but no true [[stone]], as the tomato.

''[[Bi-]]'' or Bis-. In Latin compounds, signifying two or twice.

''[[Bi-]] or Bis-''. In Latin compounds, signifying ''two'' or ''twice''.

''[[Biauriculate]]'', biaurite. Having two ears.

''[[Biauriculate]]'', biaurite. Having two ears.

''[[Bicallose]]'', bicallous. Furnished with two callosities, as the lip of some orchids.

''[[Bicallose]], bicallous''. Furnished with two [[callosities]], as the [[lip]] of some [[orchid]]s.

''[[Bicrural]]''. With two tails, legs, or slender elongations.

''[[Bicrural]]''. With two tails, legs, or slender elongations.

''[[Bifid]]''. Two-cleft or two-cut.

''[[Bifid]]''. Two-cleft or two-cut.

''[[Bifoliolate]]''. With two leaflets to a leaf.

''[[Bifoliolate]]''. With two [[leaflet]]s to a leaf.

''[[Biforate]]''. With two openings, pores or apertures.

''[[Biforate]]''. With two openings, pores or [[aperture]]s.

''[[Bigener]]''. Plant arising from a cross between two genera.

''[[Bigener]]''. Plant arising from a cross between two [[genera]].

''[[Bilabiate]]''. Two-lipped, double-lipped.

''[[Bilabiate]]''. Two-[[lip]]ped, double-lipped.

''[[Bilamellate]]''. Bearing or consisting of two plates.

''[[Bilamellate]]''. Bearing or consisting of two plates.

''[[Bipartite]]''. Divided into two parts; separated nearly to base.

''[[Bipartite]]''. Divided into two parts; separated nearly to base.

''[[Bipinnate]]''. Twice-pinnate; when the primary divisions are pinnate.

''[[Bipinnate]]''. Twice-pinnate; when the primary divisions are [[pinnate]].

''[[Bipinnatifid]]''. Twice-pinnatifid; when pinnatifid primary parts are pinnately cut.

''[[Bipinnatifid]]''. Twice-pinnatifid; when [[pinnatifid]] primary parts are pinnately cut.

''[[Biplicate]]''. Bearing two plaits or folds.

''[[Biplicate]]''. Bearing two plaits or folds.

''[[Biserial]]''. In two series or sets.

''[[Biserial]]''. In two series or sets.

''[[Biserrate]]''. Doubly serrate; the serratures themselves serrate.

''[[Biserrate]]''. Doubly [[serrate]]; the serratures themselves serrate.

''[[Bisexual]]''. Two-sexed; with both stamens and pistils.

''[[Bisexual]]''. Two-sexed; with both stamens and pistils.

''[[Biternate]]''. Twice-ternate; when the divisions of a ternate leaf are divided into three.

''[[Biternate]]''. Twice-ternate; when the divisions of a [[ternate]] leaf are divided into three.

''[[Bivalvular]]''. Two-valved.

''[[Bivalvular]]''. Two-[[valve]]d.

''[[Bivittate]]''. With two vittte or oil-tubes.

''[[Bivittate]]''. With two [[vittae]] or oil-tubes.

''[[Bladdery]]''. Inflated; empty, and the walls thin like the bladder of an animal.

''[[Bladdery]]''. Inflated; empty, and the walls thin like the bladder of an animal.

''[[Brachiate]]''. Branches or parts spreading at nearly right- angles and placed alternately.

''[[Brachiate]]''. Branches or parts spreading at nearly right- angles and placed alternately.

''[[Brachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying short, as braehy- podus, on a short fool or stalk.

''[[Brachys]]''. In Greek compounds, signifying ''short'', as brachypodus, ''on a short foot'' or ''stalk''.

''[[Bract]]''. A much-reduced leaf, particularly the small or scale-like leaves in a flower-cluster or associated with the flowers.

''[[Bract]]''. A much-reduced leaf, particularly the small or scale-like leaves in a flower-cluster or associated with the flowers.

''[[Bracteal]]''. Concerning or pertaining to bracts.

''[[Bracteal]]''. Concerning or pertaining to [[bract]]s.

''[[Bracteole]]''. Bractlet.

''[[Bracteole]]''. [[Bractlet]].

''[[Bractlet]]''. Bract born on a secondary axis, as on the pedicel or even on a petiole.

''[[Bractlet]]''. [[Bract]] born on a secondary [[axis]], as on the [[pedicel]] or even on a [[petiole]].

''[[Breaking]]''. Said when buds start to grow.

''[[Breaking]]''. Said when buds start to grow.

''[[Bristly]]''. Bearing stiff strong hairs or bristles.

''[[Bristly]]''. Bearing stiff strong hairs or bristles.

''[[Bud]]''. An incipient or nascent shoot; the rudimentary or beginning state of a stem; particularly, in common speech, a thickened and condensed resting-stage of a shoot, or a flower or leaf before expanding; in propagating, a single bud used on a cutting or cion. See Buds, p. 586.

''[[Bud]]''. An incipient or nascent [[shoot]]; the rudimentary or beginning state of a [[stem]]; particularly, in common speech, a thickened and condensed resting-stage of a shoot, or a flower or leaf before expanding; in [[propagating]], a single [[bud]] used on a [[cutting]] or [[cion]].

''[[Budding]]''. The operation of applying a single bud to the surface of the growing wood of the stock, with the intention that it shall grow. The bud is usually inserted underneath the bark of the cion, and is held in place by a bandage. Budding is a part of the general process of grafting. Called inoculation in old writings.

''[[Budding]]''. The operation of applying a single [[bud]] to the surface of the growing wood of the stock, with the intention that it shall grow. The bud is usually inserted underneath the [[bark]] of the [[cion]], and is held in place by a bandage. Budding is a part of the general process of [[graft]]ing. Called ''inoculation'' in old writings.

''[[Bulb]]''. A thickened part in a resting state and made up of scales or plates on a much shortened axis. See Hull,, p. 588.

''[[Bulb]]''. A thickened part in a resting state and made up of [[scale]]s or [[plate]]s on a much shortened [[axis]].

''[[Bulbel]]''. A bulb arising from a mother-bulb.

''[[Bulbel]]''. A [[bulb]] arising from a mother-bulb.

''[[Bulbiferous]]''. Bulb-bearing.

''[[Bulbiferous]]''. [[Bulb]]-bearing.

''[[Bulblet]]''. Aerial bulb; a bulb borne above ground, as in the flower-cluster or a leaf-axil.

''[[Bulblet]]''. Aerial [[bulb]]; a bulb borne above ground, as in the flower-cluster or a leaf-[[axil]].

''[[Bulbo-tuber]]''. Conn.

''[[Bulbo-tuber]]''. [[Corm]].

''[[Bulbous]]''. Bulb-like; with the structure or the characteristics of a bulb.

''[[Bulbous]]''. [[Bulb]]-like; with the structure or the characteristics of a bulb.

''[[Bullate]]''. The surface blistered or puckered, as the leaf of a Savoy cabbage.

''[[Bullate]]''. The surface blistered or puckered, as the leaf of a Savoy cabbage.