Changes

{{Inc|

{{Inc|

Laburnum (ancient Latin name). Leguminosae. Including Podocytisus. Golden-chain. Ornamental trees or shrubs chiefly grown for their showy racemes of yellow flowers.

Laburnum (ancient Latin name). Leguminosae. Including Podocytisus. Golden-chain. Ornamental trees or shrubs chiefly grown for their showy racemes of yellow flowers.

Deciduous: lvs. alternate, petioled, 3-foliolate, without stipules: fls. slender-pedicelled, in terminal simple racemes, mostly pendulous; calyx 2- lipped, with obtuse, short lips; corolla papilionaceous, with the petals all distinct; stamens 10, all connate; ovary stalked: fr. a linear pod with several seeds, compressed, tardily dehiscent; seed without appendage at base.—Three species in S. Eu. and W. Asia, often included under Cytisus. All parts of the plants are poisonous, especially the young frs. The hard, tough and closegrained wood is susceptible of a very fine polish, and is manufactured into various small articles.

Deciduous: lvs. alternate, petioled, 3-foliolate, without stipules: fls. slender-pedicelled, in terminal simple racemes, mostly pendulous; calyx 2- lipped, with obtuse, short lips; corolla papilionaceous, with the petals all distinct; stamens 10, all connate; ovary stalked: fr. a linear pod with several seeds, compressed, tardily dehiscent; seed without appendage at base.—Three species in S. Eu. and W. Asia, often included under Cytisus. All parts of the plants are poisonous, especially the young frs. The hard, tough and closegrained wood is susceptible of a very fine polish, and is manufactured into various small articles.

The golden-chains are handsome small trees with dark green trifoliolate leaves falling late in autumn without change of color, and with drooping racemes of bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by long narrow pods remaining on the tree a long time. They are adapted for planting on rocky slopes or in borders of shrubberies, where they should be allowed enough space to show to the best advantage their graceful, drooping racemes of golden flowers, which contrast with the dark green foliage. They are hardly ever attacked by insects or fungi.—Laburnum alpinum is the hardiest species and perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts; L. anagyroides is somewhat less hardy, while L. caramanicum is tender. They thrive in any kind of well- drained soil, including limestone, and grow as well in partly shaded positions as in sunny ones. Propagated by seeds, sown usually in spring, and also by layers; the varieties are mostly grafted or budded on seedlings of one of the species.

The golden-chains are handsome small trees with dark green trifoliolate leaves falling late in autumn without change of color, and with drooping racemes of bright yellow flowers in late spring, followed by long narrow pods remaining on the tree a long time. They are adapted for planting on rocky slopes or in borders of shrubberies, where they should be allowed enough space to show to the best advantage their graceful, drooping racemes of golden flowers, which contrast with the dark green foliage. They are hardly ever attacked by insects or fungi.—Laburnum alpinum is the hardiest species and perfectly hardy as far north as Massachusetts; L. anagyroides is somewhat less hardy, while L. caramanicum is tender. They thrive in any kind of well- drained soil, including limestone, and grow as well in partly shaded positions as in sunny ones. Propagated by seeds, sown usually in spring, and also by layers; the varieties are mostly grafted or budded on seedlings of one of the species.

}}

}}

'''''Laburnum''''' is a genus of two species of small [[tree]]s in the subfamily [[Faboideae]] of the pea family [[Fabaceae]], ''Laburnum anagyroides'' ('''Common Laburnum''') and ''L. alpinum'' ('''Alpine Laburnum'''). They are native to the mountains of southern [[Europe]] from [[France]] to the [[Balkan Peninsula]]. Some botanists include a third species, ''Laburnum caramanicum'', but this native of southeast Europe and [[Asia Minor]] is usually treated in a distinct genus ''Podocytisus'', more closely allied to the [[broom (shrub)|brooms]].

{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

They have yellow pea-[[flower]]s in pendulous [[raceme]]s 10-30&nbsp;cm (4-12&nbsp;in) long in spring, which makes them very popular garden trees. In ''L. anagyroides'' the racemes are 10-20&nbsp;cm (4-8&nbsp;in) long, with densely packed flowers; in ''L. alpinum'' the racemes are 20-30&nbsp;cm (8-12&nbsp;in) long, but with the flowers sparsely along the raceme.

{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

The leaves are trifoliate, somewhat like a [[clover]], the leaflets typically 2-3 cm (¾-1¼&nbsp;in) long in ''L. anagyroides'' and 4-5&nbsp;cm (1½-2&nbsp;in) long in ''L. alpinum''.

{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->

Most garden specimens are of the hybrid between the two species, ''Laburnum x watereri'' ('''Voss's Laburnum'''), which combines the longer racemes of ''L. alpinum'' with the denser flowers of ''L. anagyroides''; it also has the benefit of low seed production (Laburnum seed toxicity is a common cause of poisoning in young children, who mistake the seeds for [[pea]]s).

<!--  This section should be renamed Cultivars if it appears on a page for a species (rather than genus), or perhaps Varieties if there is a mix of cultivars, species, hybrids, etc    -->

The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic name 'golden chain tree' (also spelled golden chaintree or goldenchain tree).

{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->

All parts of the plant are [[poison]]ous and can be lethal if consumed in excess. Symptoms of Laburnum poisoning may include intense sleepiness, vomiting, convulsive movements, coma, slight frothing at the mouth and unequally dilated pupils. In some cases, diarrhea is very severe and at times the convulsions are markedly [[tetanic]].

Image:Laburnum anagyroides flowering.jpg|Laburnum tree in full flower.

Image:Upload.png| photo 2

Image:Upload.png| photo 3

Despite the plant's toxicity, it is used as a food plant by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including [[Buff-tip]].

<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->

<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->

==References and external links==

==External links==

*[http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Laburnum&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: ''Laburnum'']

*{{wplink}}

{{Commons|Laburnum x watereri}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Faboideae]]

<!--  in order to add all the proper categories, go to http://www.plants.am/wiki/Plant_Categories and copy/paste the contents of the page here, and then follow the easy instructions!    -->

[[Category:Poisonous plants]]