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Juncaceae (view source)

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Juncaceae''
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| name = Rush family
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| image = Juncus_L.jpg
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| color = IndianRed
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| image_width = 200px
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| image = Upload.png  <!--- Freesia.jpg -->
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| image_caption = ''[[Juncus]]''
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| image_width = 240px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| image_caption =     <!--- eg. Cultivated freesias -->
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| regnum = Plantae
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| ordo = [[Poales]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| familia = '''Juncaceae'''
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| ordo = Poales
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
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| familia = Juncaceae
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| type_genus = ''[[Juncus]]''
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}}
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| type_genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
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{{Inc|
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
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Juncaceae (from the genus Juncus, classical name, derived from jungere, to join). Rush Family. Fig. 11. Rush-like or grass-like herbs or shrubs: flowers numerous, very small, bisexual, regular, hypogynous; perianth of 6 similar, separate parts, greenish or brownish, chaffy; stamens 3 or 6 in 2 whorls; carpels 3; ovary 1- or 3-celled; ovules 3 to many; stigmas 3: fruit a capsule; seeds mostly very small, albuminous, anatropous.
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| subdivision =  
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Juncacese has 7 genera and about 175 species, of which 160 belong to the genus Juncus, widely distributed in temperate and cold regions, both north and south, but rare in the tropics. The family is closely related to the Liliaceae, from which it differs only in the rush- or grass-like habit and scarious perianth. Fossil species are known. The leaves are sheathing and the blades are either flat, or tubular and nodulose. Distichia of the Andes is densely heath-like or moss-like.
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The stems and leaves of many species are used for binding, or for weaving into mats. Light hats are made from the pith of certain species in India and China. The pith is also used for candlewicks.
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In cultivation in America are 2 genera for water-gardens: Juncus; Prionium, woody. Xanthorrhoea is transferred to the Liliaceae.{{SCH}}
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}}
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==Genera==
 
*''[[Andesia]]''
 
*''[[Andesia]]''
 
*''[[Distichia]]''
 
*''[[Distichia]]''
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*''[[Oxychloë]]''
 
*''[[Oxychloë]]''
 
*''[[Rostkovia]]''
 
*''[[Rostkovia]]''
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}}
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The '''Juncaceae''', or the '''Rush Family''', is a rather small [[monocotyledon|monocot]] [[flowering plant]] family.  There are 8 [[genus|genera]] and about 400 [[species]].  Many of these slow-growing plants superficially resemble [[Poaceae|grasses]], though are [[herb]]s or [[Shrub|woody shrubs]], growing on infertile [[soil]]s.  Some may be found in temperate to frigid climates or on tropical mountains.  They grow on wet or damp soils, others on dry soils.  A few are [[Annual plant|annuals]], but most are [[Perennial plant|perennials]].
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The [[Leaf|leaves]] are [[evergreen]] and well-developed in a basal aggregation on an erect stem. They are alternate and tristichous (i.e. with 3 rows of leaves up the stem, with each row of leaves arising one-third of the way around the stem from the previous leaf).  Only in the genus ''[[Distichia]]'' are the leaves distichous.  The rushes of the genus ''[[Juncus]]'' have flat, hairless leaves or cylindrical leaves.  The leaves of the wood-rushes of the genus ''[[Luzula]]'' are always flat and bear long white hairs.
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The plants are [[hermaphroditic]] or, rarely, [[dioecious]].  The small and insignificant [[flower]]s are arranged in inflorescences of loose [[cyme]]s, but also in rather dense heads or [[corymb]]s at the top of the stem or at its side.  Typical for this family are the [[tepal]]s (or perianth segments).  There is no clear distinction between [[petal]]s and [[sepal]]s.  They are usually arranged with two [[whorl]]s, each containing three thin, papery tepals.  They are not brightly colored and their color can vary from greenish to whitish, brown, purple, black, or hyaline. There are three [[carpel|stigma]]s in the center of the flowers. As is characteristic of monocots, everything is a multiple of three.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery -->
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The [[fruit]] is usually a non-fleshy, three-sectioned [[dehiscent]] [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing many seeds.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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The dried [[pith]] of plants of this family was used<!--not sure when. Medieval?--> to make a type of [[candle]] known as a [[rushlight]].
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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The rush plant is called 'igusa' in Japanese and is used to weave the soft surface cover of tatami mats.
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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== External links ==
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{{stub}}
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* [http://plants.montara.com/ListPages/FamPages/Junca1.html  Information and pictures]
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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* [http://www.bioimages.org.uk/HTML/T342.HTM  Pictures of species]
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[[Category:Plant families]]
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