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Musaceae (view source)

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Musaceae''
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| name = Musaceae
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| common_names =     <!--- if multiple, list all, if none, leave blank -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Musa_paradisiaca_Blanco1.88.png
 
| image = Musa_paradisiaca_Blanco1.88.png
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| image_width = 230px
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| image_width = 180px    <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
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| image_caption = ''[[Musa paradisiaca]]''
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| image_caption = Musa paradisiaca
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Zingiberales]]
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| ordo = Zingiberales
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| familia = '''Musaceae'''
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| familia = Musaceae
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
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| subdivision =
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* ''[[Ensete]]''
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* ''[[Musa (Musaceae)|Musa]]''
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* ''[[Musella]]''
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| range_map = Map-Musaceae.PNG
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| range_map_width = 250px
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| range_map_caption = {{legend|#0000ff|Musaceae distribution}}
   
}}
 
}}
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{{Inc|
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Musaceae (from the genus Musa, the Arabic name). Banana Family. Fig. 12. Large, semi-ligneous herbs, the stout stem enveloped at base by the sheathing petioles, unbranched: leaves alternate entire, convolute, pinnately parallel-veined: flowers bisexual, or unisexual, irregular, epigynous, borne in the axil of a bract in spikes with subtending spathes; nectaries ovarian; perianth of 6 parts, in 2 series, the parts unequal in size and shape, separate or variously united; stamens 6, 5 fertile and 1 staminodium; ovary inferior, 3-celled; ovules solitary and basal, or numerous and axile, anatropous; style 1; stigmas usually 3: fruit fleshy and pulpy or drupaceous, indehiscent, dehiscent or separating into fruitlets; seeds with perisperm; embryo straight.
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'''Musaceae''' is a [[botanical name]] for a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]]. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be [[wood]]y trees.
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Six genera and about 60 species occur, 30 of which belong to the genus Heliconia and 20 to Musa, of general tropical distribution. Fossil species are known. The family is related to the Marantaceae, Zingiberaceae and Cannaceae; with the last it is often united. These families all have irregular flowers of the same type, and inferior ovaries; but the Musaceae differ in their slightly differentiated calyx and corolla, in the 5 fertile stamens, and in the absence of aromatic principles.
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The family has been practically universally recognized by taxonomists, although with differing circumscriptions. Older circumscriptions of the family commonly included the genera now included in [[Heliconiaceae]] and [[Strelitziaceae]].
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The banana (Musa paradisiaca, M. sapientum, etc.) is the most important economic plant, the fruit of which is widely used for food. The pith of the stem, top of the floral spike, and also the shoots, are eaten as vegetables. The fibers from the petioles of Musa textilis are made into thread and fabrics. The leaves are used to thatch huts. The traveler's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis) holds sufficient water at the leaf bases to serve for drink. The water is obtained by boring the sheath. The seeds of this tree are eaten.
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The [[APG II system]], of 2003 (unchanged from the [[APG system]], 1998), assigns Musaceae to the order [[Zingiberales]] in the clade [[commelinids]] in the [[monocots]].
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Four genera are in cultivation in the South and in conservatories, for ornament; and one also, Musa, for the fruit: Heliconia (Balisier, Wild Plantain); Musa (Banana, Plantain Tree, Chumpa, Adam's Fig); Ravenala (Traveler's Tree); Strelitzia (Bird of Paradise Flower).{{SCH}}
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}}
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As currently circumscribed the family includes either two or three [[genus|genera]] (depending upon acceptance of the genus ''[[Musella]]'', see below). All of the genera and species are native to the [[Old World]].  The largest and most economically important genus in the family is ''Musa'', famous for the [[banana]] and [[plantain]].  The genus ''[[Musa]]'' was formally established in the first edition of [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]' ''Species Plantarum'' in 1753 — the publication that marks the start of the present formal [[botanical nomenclature]].  At the time he wrote the ''Species Plantarum'', Linnaeus had first hand knowledge of only one type of banana, which he personally had the opportunity of seeing growing under glass in the garden of Mr. George Clifford near [[Haarlem]] in the Netherlands.
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==Genera==
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* ''[[Ensete]]''  
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* ''[[Musa (Musaceae)|Musa]]''
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* ''[[Musella]]''
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Before 1753 the genus had already been described by the pre-Linnaean [[botanist]] [[Georg Eberhard Rumphius]] and Linnaeus himself had described the banana he had seen as ''Musa Cliffortiana'' in 1736 (this might be described as a "pre-Linnaean" Linnaean name).  The 1753 name ''Musa paradisiaca'' L. is now known to refer to a hybrid, rather than a natural species.  It is known today as ''Musa'' (AAB group) 'French' plantain or ''Musa'' ×''paradisiaca'' L. Hybridization was the cause of much confusion in the taxonomy of the genus that was not resolved until the 1940s and 1950s.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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In this clearing up of the taxonomy, [[E. E. Cheesman]] in 1947 revived the name ''Ensete'' which had been published in 1862, by Horaninow, but had not been accepted.  
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<gallery>
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Image:Map-Musaceae.PNG| Musaceae distribution
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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Section ''Musella'' Franch. was raised to the rank of genus by H.W. Li in 1978 for the Chinese species ''Musella lasiocarpa'', which was originally described in ''Musa'', transferred to ''Ensete'' by Cheesman and subsequently back to ''Musa''. Acceptance of ''Musella'' has varied, with some taxonomists considering it a synonym of, and including its single species in, ''Musa''.
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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== External links ==
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==External links==
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{{commonscat|Musaceae}}
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*{{wplink}}
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{{wikispecies}}
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* [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/zingiberalesweb.htm#Musaceae Musaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10588 Musaceae] in the Flora of China
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/musaceae.htm Musaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 27th April 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1200&taxon_id=10588 ''Monocot families'' (USDA)]
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=4637&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
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* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Musaceae links at CSDL]
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[[Category:Zingiberales|Musaceae]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
 
[[Category:Plant families]]
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