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Grass pink (view source)

Revision as of 18:10, 22 May 2009

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{{Taxobox
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__NOTOC__{{Plantbox
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| color = lightgreen
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| name = ''Calopogon''
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| name = Grass pink
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| common_names = Grass pink
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| growth_habit = ?  <!--- tree, shrub, herbaceous, vine, etc -->
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| high = ?  <!--- 1m (3 ft) -->
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| wide =    <!--- 65cm (25 inches) -->
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| origin = ?  <!--- Mexico, S America, S Europe, garden, etc -->
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| poisonous =    <!--- indicate parts of plants which are known/thought to be poisonous -->
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| lifespan =    <!--- perennial, annual, etc -->
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| exposure = ?  <!--- full sun, part-sun, semi-shade, shade, indoors, bright filtered (you may list more than 1) -->
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| water = ?  <!--- frequent, regular, moderate, drought tolerant, let dry then soak -->
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| features =    <!--- flowers, fragrance, fruit, naturalizes, invasive -->
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| hardiness =    <!--- frost sensitive, hardy, 5°C (40°F), etc -->
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| bloom =    <!--- seasons which the plant blooms, if it is grown for its flowers -->
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| usda_zones = ?  <!--- eg. 8-11 -->
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| sunset_zones =    <!--- eg. 8, 9, 12-24, not available -->
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| color = IndianRed
 
| image = Calapogon tuberosus.jpg
 
| image = Calapogon tuberosus.jpg
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| image_width = 240px
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| image_width = 240px   <!--- leave as 240px if horizontal orientation photo, or change to 180px if vertical -->
 
| image_caption = ''C. tuberosus'' var. ''tuberosus''  
 
| image_caption = ''C. tuberosus'' var. ''tuberosus''  
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| regnum = Plantae
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| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
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| divisio = Magnoliophyta
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| classis = [[Monocotyledon|Liliopsida]]
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| classis = Liliopsida
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| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
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| ordo = Asparagales
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| familia = [[Orchidaceae]]
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| familia = Orchidaceae
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| subfamilia = [[Epidendroideae]]
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| tribus = Arethuseae
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| tribus = [[Arethuseae]]
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| genus = Calopogon
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| subtribus = [[Bletiinae]]
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| species =  
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| alliance = Calopogon
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| subspecies =  
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| genus = '''''Calopogon'''''
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| cultivar =  
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| genus_authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist)|R.Br.]]
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}}
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
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{{Inc|
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| subdivision =  
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Calopogon (Greek, beautiful beard, in allusion to the fringed or bearded lip). Orchidaceae. A very attractive native orchid, sometimes planted in bog-gardens and rock-gardens.
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Flowers magenta-crimson, varying to white, in a loose raceme on a naked scape; sepals and petals all distinct and spreading, the lip narrow at base but broader and hairy above; column winged at summit, not attached to other parts; pollinia 2 in each anther cell.—One species, in bogs and moist meadows, Newfoundland to Fla. and westward. Cathea is an older name, but, because of its general acceptance, Calopogon is retained in the "nomina conservanda" of the Vienna code.
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A moist and shaded position and very porous soil are most suitable for this pretty plant, although it may do admirably in a rock-garden only slightly shaded at midday if the plants are watered very freely every day during hot or dry weather. Propagated by offsets, separated from the old tubers, but the old established plants should not be disturbed very often. Collected clumps of many native orchids are offered at very reasonable figures, and these give immediate results, while the small offsets would not be strong enough to flower for several years, and require much attention during the first year, or perhaps longer (J. B. Keller){{SCH}}
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}}
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==Cultivation==
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{{edit-cult}}<!--- Type cultivation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Propagation===
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{{edit-prop}}<!--- Type propagation info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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===Pests and diseases===
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{{edit-pests}}<!--- Type pest/disease info below this line, then delete this entire line -->
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==Species==
 
*''[[Calopogon barbatus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon barbatus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon multiflorus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon multiflorus]]''
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*''[[Calopogon pallidus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon pallidus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon tuberosus]]''
 
*''[[Calopogon tuberosus]]''
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*etc.
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'''Grass pinks''' ([[genus]] '''''Calopogon''''') are a group of terrestrial [[orchid]]s ([[family (biology)|family]] Orchidaceae). The generic name is from [[Greek language|Greek]] and means "beautiful beard", referring to the cluster of hairs adorning the [[labellum]]. The genus is mainly confined to the [[United States]], with 5 species found in the southeastern U.S., but only one north into [[Wisconsin]] and parts of [[Ontario]].
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The genera '''''Cathea''''' <small>[[Richard Anthony Salisbury|Salisb.]]</small> and '''''Helleborine''''' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small> have been brought into [[synonymy]] with ''Calopogon''. In addition, ''[[Dianthus plumarius]]'', which is an European [[Dianthus|pink]], is also called grass pink.
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==Gallery==
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{{photo-sources}}<!-- remove this line if there are already 3 or more photos in the gallery  -->
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Calopogon, like many other orchids, is an indicator species for good remnant hydrology. Translated into English everyone else understands, that means that the presence of native orchids in a natural area shows that there is high-quality ground and surface water around. Most species of calopogon frequent wet, sunny swales, bogs, and the edges of marshy areas, and associates with ferns, sedges, grasses and forbs. Calopogon oklahomensis has been observed in drier areas than Calopogon tuberosus would prefer.
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<gallery>
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Image:Upload.png| photo 1
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Image:Upload.png| photo 2
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Image:Upload.png| photo 3
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</gallery>
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One distinguishing feature of the grass pinks is that, unlike most orchids, they are non-resupinate. The lip of calopogon is on the top of the flower, not the bottom, as is common with most other genera. The brushy, yellow protuberances on the lip are also designed to attract pollinators, but they only tempt without providing a reward. To add injury to insult, the flower then snaps closed when a potential pollinator lands on it, and the insect has to crawl out of the tight quarters between the lip and the reproductive parts below in order to escape, hopefully pollinating the flower in the process.  
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==References==
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*[[Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture]], by L. H. Bailey, MacMillan Co., 1963
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<!--- xxxxx  *Flora: The Gardener's Bible, by Sean Hogan. Global Book Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0881925381  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *American Horticultural Society: A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, by Christopher Brickell, Judith D. Zuk. 1996. ISBN 0789419432  -->
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<!--- xxxxx  *Sunset National Garden Book. Sunset Books, Inc., 1997. ISBN 0376038608  -->
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The other deception they use is their frequent association with nectar-bearing flowers of the same color; calopogon is often an associate of the magenta marsh phlox, in the northern United States, the phlox bearing nectar to reward curious insects while the deceptive but showy calopogon does not.
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==External links==
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*{{wplink}}
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[[Category:Orchid genera]]
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{{stub}}
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[[Category:Categorize]]
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{{orchid-stub}}
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